Generated by All in One SEO v4.9.4.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site.

# Who Governs Europe

Party and Government Observatory

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://whogoverns.eu/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Posts

- [Cyprus 2026: stability at the top, revolt at the bottom](https://whogoverns.eu/cyprus-2026-stability-at-the-top-revolt-at-the-bottom/) - By Nikandros Ioannidis (Cyprus University of Technology) DISY and AKEL kept every seat, but ELAM doubled its strength, two outsider parties entered parliament, and the president lost most of his original parliamentary support base. Cyprus's parliamentary election of 24 May produced a result that was simultaneously reassuring and disruptive. With a turnout of 66.9%, the
- [Presentation in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-moldova-2/) - Presentation at ADEPT's Monday Dialogue on "Adjustment of legislation on political parties in the Republic of Moldova".
- [PhD. Thesis Committee (Canada)](https://whogoverns.eu/phd-thesis-committee-canada/) - Member of a PhD. Thesis Committee, together with Scott Pruysers, Ruben Zaiotti, Robert Finbow, Kristin Good, and Nik Thomas (Dalhousie University, Canada). The PhD. Thesis, titled "The Different Worlds of Direct Public Funding of Political Parties: Empirical Application of a Novel Typological Framework", was successfully defended by Tobias Schminke (Dalhousie University).
- [Presentation in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-moldova/) - Presentation at the ODIHR Workshop on Political Integrity in Political Parties (Chisinau).
- [TV interview (The Philippines)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-the-philippines/) - Interview on political party finance in The Philippines.
- [Seminar in Bangladesh](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-bangladesh/) - Seminar on "Money in Politics: Party Financing and Accountability in Bangladesh" at the North South University (Dhaka).
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-11/) - Interview on the crisis of government in the United Kingdom.
- [Talk in The Philippines](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-the-philippines/) - Presentation on "Money in Politics: Who Pays for Elections?" at the De La Salle University (Manila).
- [Talk in Bangladesh](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-bangladesh-2/) - Presentation on "Who Pays for Politics? Party Finance and Accountability in Bangladesh" at the Jahangirnagar University (Dhaka).
- [Roundtable in Bangladesh](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-bangladesh/) - Roundtable on "Who Pays for Politics? Party Finance, Accountability and Governance in Bangladesh" at the University of Dhaka.
- [Armenian parliamentary elections (2026): geopolitical rivalry?](https://whogoverns.eu/armenian-parliamentary-elections-2026-geopolitical-rivalry/) - By Tigran Torosyan (Center for Perspective Research and Initiatives and Russian-Armenian University) Introduction Parliamentary elections were held in Armenia on June 7, 2026, the final results of which were announced on June 14. 19 parties submitted documents to participate in the elections, and 58.9 percent of voters chose the composition of the parliament. According to
- [Impact work (Malawi)](https://whogoverns.eu/impact-work-malawi/) - Post-electoral conference in Lilongwe (Malawi).
- [Malta: The Labour Party wins Again – as predicted](https://whogoverns.eu/malta-the-labour-party-wins-again-as-predicted/) - By Roderick Pace (University of Malta) The Labour Party (Partit Laburista, PL) secured a comfortable parliamentary majority in the general election held on Saturday, 30 May. Prime Minister Robert Abela was sworn in for another term on Monday morning. While the PL finished ahead by just under 22,000 votes, the Nationalist Party (Partit Nazzjonalista, PN)
- [Political Party Peer Network Conference (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-in-poland-2/) - Speaker at the Annual Political Party Peer Network (PPRN) Conference organised at the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) in Warsaw.
- [Podcast (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/podcast-bolivia/) - Talking about the crisis of political parties and the problems of presidentialism.
- [Radio interview (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-bolivia-2/) - Interview on political parties and democracy.
- [Radio interview (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-bolivia-3/) - Interview on political parties and democracy.
- [Radio interview (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-bolivia/) - Interview on the development of party politics in Bolivia.
- [Impact work (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/impact-work-bolivia/) - Meeting with Bolivian Senators to discuss party legislation reform.
- [OSCE/ODIHR meeting (Warsaw)](https://whogoverns.eu/odihr-meeting-warsaw/) - Presentation on "ODIHR's Mapping of Integrity Systems in Political Parties: Research Result" at the Expert Meeting on ODIHR's Public Ethics and Integrity Toolkit: Guidelines for Political Parties in Warsaw (Poland).
- [TV interview (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-bolivia-2/) - Interview on the crisis of political parties in Bolivia.
- [TV interview (Bolivia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-bolivia/) - Interview on the necessary political party reform in Bolivia.
- [Hungary: Landslide victory of a new party](https://whogoverns.eu/hungary-landslide-victory-of-a-new-party/) - By Daniel Oross (ELTE Centre for Social Sciences of the Hungarian Academy) and Bálint Mikola (CEU Democracy Institute) Since 2010, Hungary has been controlled by the illiberal politics of Viktor Orbán and his party to such an extent that the main issue leading up to the 2026 elections was whether Hungary can still be seen
- [MPSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/mpsa-conference-usa-4/) - Presentation at the 83rd Midwest Political Studies Association Annual Conference in Chicago.
- [SPSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/spsa-conference-usa-2/) - Presentation of two papers at the 83rd Souther Political Studies Association Annual Conference in San Diego.
- [Radio interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-spain-5/) - Interview on the Bulgarian parliamentary elections
- [The 2026 snap elections in Bulgaria: We continue the change!](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2026-snap-elections-in-bulgaria-we-continue-the-change/) - By Mylen Lyubenov (Sofia University) The eighth parliamentary elections in five years in Bulgaria have led to a political earthquake. The Progressive Bulgaria coalition, led by former President Rumen Radev, won a landslide victory. The new formation received 44.5% of the vote and an absolute majority of 131 deputies in the 240-seat National Assembly. How
- [Presentation in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-spain-2/) - Presentation of the the OSCE/ODIHR "Guidelines on public ethics and integrity for political parties" at the Spanish Senate (Madrid).
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-10/) - Interview on the 2026 parliamentary elections in Hungary.
- [A New Script Without New Party Success: Slovenia’s Parliamentary Elections](https://whogoverns.eu/a-new-script-without-new-party-success-slovenias-parliamentary-elections/) - By Alenka Krašovec (University of Ljubljana) and Tim Haughton (University of Birmingham) This time it was different. For almost two decades Slovenia has provided plenty of material for scholars of new political parties. The country’s elections always seemed to follow a familiar script. A new party formed a few weeks or months before an election
- [Snap election in Denmark: a very fragmented parliament](https://whogoverns.eu/snap-election-in-denmark-a-very-fragmented-parliament/) - By Jørgen Elklit (Aarhus University) It was a little surprising that Danish Prime Minister, Ms Mette Frederiksen, in late February called a snap election to the parliament (Folketinget) to be held on March 24th. The four year parliamentary term would only end in late October, and her slim majority coalition government was not doing too
- [Roundtable in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-uk/) - Participant at Westminster's Foundation for Democracy (WFD) Roundtable on "Increasing Political Party Accountability and Candidate Safety" (London).
- [Workshop in Sweden](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-sweden/) - Participant at the Research-Practitioner Dialogue “A Changing Security Landscape” at the Folke Bernadotte Academy (Stockholm).
- [Webinar in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/webinar-in-poland/) - Presentation on Polish Political Science Association's (PTPN) webinar on "Publishing Globally: Strategies for Success in International Journals".
- [Conference in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-in-moldova-2/) - Presentation on "Electoral Registration: The Proscription of Successor Parties" in a panel on "The registration of electoral candidates: transparency and legal compliance" at the "Parliamentary Election in the Republic of Moldova, 28 September 2025: Electoral Integrity and Perspectives for Democratic Consolidation" Post-electoral Conference co-organized by the Moldovan Central Electoral Commission and the Council of Europe.
- [Kosovo’s democratic overdrive](https://whogoverns.eu/kosovos-democratic-overdrive/) - By Kaltrina Beqiri (Independent scholar, graduated at the University of Prishtina) Four years ago, Kosovo appeared poised to enter a more mature phase of its democratic development. Free and competitive elections raised expectations that a new political chapter was unfolding. Today, however, the country finds itself in a state of democratic overdrive—moving restlessly from one
- [Presentation in Portugal](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-portugal-2/) - Presentation on "Measuring and Explaining the Robustness of Party Ethics Self-regulation" at the Launch Event of Research Projects RESPOND and PESR in Lisbon (Portugal).
- [PhD. Thesis Committee (Italy)](https://whogoverns.eu/phd-thesis-committee-italy-2/) - Member of a PhD. Thesis Committee, together with Prof. Francesco Clementi (La Sapienza University, Roma) and Prof. Carla Bassu (University of Sassari, Italy). The PhD. Thesis, titled "Identifying (Un)common Patterns of Democratic Backsliding", was successfully defended by Geser Gaanbatar (University of Milan).
- [PhD. Thesis Committee (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/phd-thesis-committee-uk-2/) - Member of a PhD. Thesis Committee, together with Dr Stuart Fox (Brunel University London). The PhD. Thesis, titled "Preferences for Financing Political Parties in a New Democracy: A Case Study of Political Parties in Indonesia", was successfully defended by Rhevy Putra (Brunel University London).
- [Seminar in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-mexico-4/) - Seminar lecture on "Presidential Elections in Europe and Asia: Lessons for Latin America" at the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABJ) in Mexicali.
- [AMECIP School](https://whogoverns.eu/amecip-school/) - Speaker at the 9th School on Politics and Government of the Mexican Political Studies Association (AMECIP) held at the University of Guadalajara in Puerto Vallarta (Mexico).
- [Seminar in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-mexico-3/) - Seminar lecture on "Presidential Elections in Europe and Asia: Lessons for Latin America" at the Electoral and Citizen Participation Institute (IEPC) of the State of Guerrero (Acapulco).
- [Talk in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-mexico/) - Presentation on "Public Party Funding: What Is It Good For? An Academic Approach" held at the Historical Museum of Acalpulco and organised by the Federal Electoral Institute in Guerrero.
- [Course (Mexico)](https://whogoverns.eu/course-mexico/) - Course on "Political Parties and Party Systems" at the University of Guerrero (Chilpancingo, Mexico).
- [Talk in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-mexico-2/) - Conversation with Dr. Javier Rosiles Salas (University of La Ciénega at Michoacán de Ocampo State) on the "Myths and truths about the crisis of political parties".
- [Moldovan off the beaten track to EU: parliamentary election 2025](https://whogoverns.eu/moldovan-off-the-beaten-track-to-eu-parliamentary-election-2025/) - By Marina Gorbatiuc (Moldova State University) For the first decade of post-Soviet independence, Moldova’s fledgling democracy faced challenging conditions. Obstacles include ethno-linguistic tensions especially it is speculated in election campaigns. Recent data on the census (April 8th, 2024) prove multilingual society in Moldova: Moldovan- 49.2%; Romanian- 31.3%; Russian- 11.1%; Gagauz- 3.8%; Ukrainian- 2.9%; Bulgarian- 1.2%;
- [Seminar in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-spain-6/) - Seminar lecture at the Department of Economy of the University of Valencia on "The Crisis of Representative Democracy and the Rise of Populism"
- [No, the Far Right was not Beaten in the Dutch elections](https://whogoverns.eu/no-the-far-right-was-not-beaten-in-the-dutch-elections/) - By Simon Otjes (Leiden University) and Léonie de Jonge (University of Tübingen) On October 29, the Netherlands held a snap election after the fall of the cabinet Schoof, an ill-fated experimental government between the mainstream and the radical right, spearheaded by a non-partisan MP. In the weeks leading up to the election, tensions around immigration
- [International Conference (Italy)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference/) - Presentation at the International Conference "Sartori's Legacy, and Beyond" held at the European University Institute (Florence) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vICnPuXLuzA
- [The return of populism: The 2025 general election in Czechia](https://whogoverns.eu/the-return-of-populism-the-2025-general-election-in-czechia/) - By Vlastimil Havlík (Masaryk University and National Institute SYRI) and Jakub Wondreys (Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarianism Studies at the TU Dresden and CEVRO University) The Czech general election held last week closed a turbulent four-year period marked by multiple crises. These years tested the surprising winner of the 2021 election - a government formed
- [Academic conference (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/academic-conference-mongolia/) - Keynote speech on "Constitutional Regime Types and Party Politics: Asia & Europe in Comparative Perspective" at the International Conference on "Strengthening Democratic Constitutional Governance" of the National University of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar).
- [APSA Conference (Canada)](https://whogoverns.eu/apsa-conference-canada-2/) - Co-authored paper presented at the 121st APSA Annual Conference in Montreal.
- [Minority Labour Government Re-elected but Faces Chaotic Parliament](https://whogoverns.eu/minority-labour-government-re-elected-but-faces-chaotic-parliament/) - By Peter Egge Langsæther (University of Oslo) In the wake of the 2021 elections, the Labour Party, alongside the rural-agrarian Centre Party, formed a minority government, relying on the Socialist Left for parliamentary support. However, this government quickly fell out of favour, with both parties experiencing plummeting poll numbers that plunged Labour to historically low
- [OSCE/ODIHR Delegation (Montenegro)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-delegation-montenegro/) - Member of the OSCE/ODIHR delegation to examine Montenegro's law on political parties and parties' codes of conduct.
- [TV interview (Montenegro)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-montenegro-2/) - Interview on legislative reform in Montenegro.
- [Presentation in Montenegro](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-montenegro/) - Presentation on "Promoting Women in Politics: an Academic Perspective" at the Montenegrin parliament (Podgorica).
- [Consultative work in Montenegro](https://whogoverns.eu/consultative-work-in-montenegro/) - Advising on party funding regulation at the Montenegrin parliament (Podgorica).
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-armenia-5/) - Presentation at the Mongolian parliament's Workshop on Political Party Integrity (Ulaanbaatar).
- [Consultative work in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/consultative-work-in-mongolia-3/) - Advising on party ethics regulation at the Mongolian parliament (Ulaanbaatar).
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mongolia-5/) - Presentation on party ethics at the Democratic Party's Headquarters (Ulaanbaatar).
- [Conference in Georgia](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-in-georgia/) - Speaker at the UGSPN-Conference organised by the University of Georgia (Tbilisi).
- [ODIHR/FES School](https://whogoverns.eu/odihr-fes-school-3/) - Presentation on "Political Parties and Money in Politics" at the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School/Friedrich Ebert Stiftung School on “Politics, Leadership and Advocacy” in Warsaw.
- [2025 legislative elections in Portugal: A tale of three poles](https://whogoverns.eu/2025-legislative-elections-in-portugal-a-tale-of-three-poles/) - By José Santana Pereira (Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon) and Guya Accornero (Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon) On 18 May 2025, Portugal held snap legislative elections for the third time in just over three years. The results confirmed the governing centre-right coalition, Aliança Democrática (AD), as the most voted political force, although still far from securing an
- [Parliamentary Elections in Kosova 2025: Between Rising and Falling](https://whogoverns.eu/5698-2/) - By Hanife Osmani (Independent journalist) On February 9, 2025, the Republic of Kosova conducted its parliamentary elections to determine the composition of its 120-member Assembly. These elections were pivotal, reflecting the nation’s evolving political dynamics and its commitment to democratic processes. Electoral results The incumbent party, Vetëvendosje (VV), led by Prime Minister Albin Kurti, secured
- [Dissatisfaction, fragmentation and polarization: the 2025 Bundestag elections in Germany](https://whogoverns.eu/dissatisfaction-fragmentation-and-polarization-the-2025-bundestag-elections-in-germany/) - By Sabine Pokorny (Konrad Adenauer Stiftung) The 2025 Bundestag elections call supposed certainties into question. For a long time, the impact of the voters’ social status on voting behaviour declined. Voting behaviour was very volatile and voters changed between political parties of all directions. Candidates were getting more and more important for the voting decision.
- [Austria: New government, old methods](https://whogoverns.eu/austria-new-government-old-methods/) - By Filip Milacic (Central European University) 154 days after the election, the Austrian government was formed by the conservative People's Party (ÖVP), the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and the liberal Neos. It was the longest government formation negotiation in the country's history. The three parties put aside their differences, which initially led to
- [Albanians Still Believe in the European Dream](https://whogoverns.eu/albanians-still-believe-in-the-european-dream/) - By Ines Stasa (University of Tirana) More than three decades since the fall of communism, Albanians continue to believe in the European dream. That vision remains alive, as shown by the re-election of Prime Minister Edi Rama to a fourth term in office since he first assumed power in 2013. In the most recent general
- [OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-annual-meeting-poland-3/) - OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting of the Core Group of Experts on Political Parties (Warsaw).
- [Academic conference (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/academic-conference-poland-3/) - Speaker at the Roundtable of the “Political Parties and Party Systems in Central and Eastern Europe” series at Collegium Polonicum in Słubice (Poland)
- [OSCE/ODIHR Delegation (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mongolia-4/) - Member of the OSCE/ODIHR delegation to examine Mongolia's law on political parties.
- [OSCE/ODIHR Delegation (Montenegro)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-delegation-moldova/) - Member of the OSCE/ODIHR delegation to examine Montenegro's law on party and campaign finance.
- [Presentation in South Africa](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-south-africa-2/) - Presentation on "Electoral Systems and Party System Effects" at the Electoral Reform Consultation Panel (ERCP) Conference in Johannesburg (South Africa).
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/5737-2/) - Presenting the OSCE/ODIHR "Opinion on the Law on Political Parties in Mongolia" at the "Development of an Online Platform/Digital System to Collect and Publish Financial Reports by Political Parties: Inception Meeting and Consultation" Conference, co-organized by the General Election Commission, the Open Government Partnership, the Open Society Forum, Transparency International and OSCE/ODIHR (Ulan Bator, Mongolia).
- [Presentation in Andorra](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-andorra/) - Presentation on “El Sistema de Partidos Andorrano en Perspectiva Comparada” at the “El Consell General d’Andorra: Passt I Present d’una Institució Parlamentària Europea (Segles XIII-XXI)” course organized by the Andorran General Council and the University of Andorra (Andorra la Vella).
- [Conference in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-in-moldova/) - Participant at the "Presidential Elections and the Constitutional Republican Referendum from the Republic of Moldova, October 20, 2024: Lessons Learned, Recommendations, and Perspectives" Post-electoral Conference co-organized by the Moldovan Central Electoral Commission and the Council of Europe.
- [Public consultations in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/public-consultations-in-moldova/) - Giving evidence on the legislative reform to the Political Parties Law at the Moldovan parliament (Chisinau).
- [Workshop in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-moldova/) - Moderator at the "International jurisprudence, legal practices and guidelines on political party regulation: Moldova in comparative perspective" Workshop co-organized by the Moldovan Central Electoral Commission and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Mission in Chisinau (Moldova).
- [TV interview (Armenia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-armenia-2/) - Interview on the evolution of Armenian politics for "1in" (Armenian TV station).
- [Presentation in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-poland/) - Presentation of ODIHR's Opinion the Polish Party Law at the Sejm (Warsaw).
- [Consultative work in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/consultative-work-in-armenia-2/) - Advising on party ethics regulation at the Armenian parliament (Yerevan).
- [Presentation in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-armenia-4/) - Presentation at the ODIHR Workshop on Political Integrity and Gender Equality in Political Parties (Yerevan).
- [Historical shift of power in Liechtenstein](https://whogoverns.eu/parliamentary-elections-in-liechtenstein/) - By Wilfried Marxer (Liechtenstein Institute) Parliamentary elections were held in Liechtenstein last Sunday, 9 February 2025. The election Sunday ended very differently for the two traditionally dominant parties, which have been in office in a joint governing coalition almost without interruption for decades: the Vaterländische Union (Patriotic Union; VU), as the majority party in government,
- [The 2017 elections in Liechtenstein: Slight changes and a stronger parliamentary opposition](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2017-elections-in-liechtenstein-slight-changes-and-a-stronger-parliamentary-opposition/) - By Sebastian Wolf (Medical School Berlin, formerly Liechtenstein-Institut, Bendern) The national election in the Principality of Liechtenstein on February 5th, 2017 was a regular election. About 19.800 citizens had to vote a new Landtag, Liechtenstein’s unicameral part-time parliament with only 25 seats. Although it is a duty to vote according to the microstate’s law, only
- [Talk in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-moldova/) - Presentation on "Managing Successors to Prohibited Political Parties: the Spanish Case" at the Roundtable on "Prevention of Negative Phenomena in Elections: International Practices and the Case of the Republic of Moldova" organised by the Central Electoral Commission in Moldova (Chisinau).
- [Talk in Indonesia](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-indonesia/) - Presentation at the Public Discussion Forum on "Reimagining Democracy: Revitalizing Representative Democracy in Indonesia and ASEAN" organised by The Habibie Center, in collaboration with the Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs (IDEAS Malaysia) and supported by the UK Mission to ASEAN (Jakarta).
- [International Conference (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-malaysia-2/) - Presentation on "Comparative Perspective on Transparency and Disclosure in Political Financing: Lessons for Malaysia" at the Political Financing International Conference 2025 Conference on Prospects, Challenges and Opportunities for Political Financing Reform in Malaysia, organised by the Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs (IDEAS), the Prime Minister Office of Malaysia, and the British High Commission in
- [Government coalition loses power in Iceland – as in five out of six elections since the bank crash of 2008](https://whogoverns.eu/government-coalition-loses-power-in-iceland-as-in-five-out-of-six-elections-since-the-bank-crash-of-2008/) - By Ólafur Th. Hardarson (University of Iceland) Parliamentary election took place in Iceland last Saturday, November 30th 2024. The government coalition – which had been in power since 2017, lost its majority with a big bang. In 2021, the governing parties, the left-socialist Left Greens, the conservative Independence Party and the centre-right Progressive Party obtained
- [Irish General Election 2024: More of the same](https://whogoverns.eu/irish-general-election-2024-more-of-the-same/) - By Jonathan Arlow (University of Liverpool) The General Election continued the trend for fragmentation in the Irish party system, with the three big beasts of Irish politics – Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and Sinn Féin – all winning between 19 to 22 per cent of the vote share. The Irish electorate has also bucked the
- [ODIHR/FES School](https://whogoverns.eu/odihr-fes-school-2/) - Presentation on "Political Parties and Money in Politics" at the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School/Friedrich Ebert Stiftung School on “Politics, Leadership and Advocacy” in Warsaw.
- [Bulgarian Democracy: Ballots or Bailouts](https://whogoverns.eu/bulgarian-democracy-ballots-or-bailouts/) - By Mila Mo (Sofia University) Twelve. That’s the number of ballots Bulgarians have cast since April 2021, including seven in National Elections. And while elections are a normal democratic mechanism, this frequency is highly unusual. One thing is certain - it may sound like many different elections, but the issues remain the same. Veni, Vidi,
- [Bulgaria’s snap elections - between bad and hard compromises](https://whogoverns.eu/bulgarias-snap-elections-between-bad-and-hard-compromises/) - By Mila Moshelova (Sofia University) While Europeans were holding their breath for the Euro finals on 11 July Bulgaria was playing its second electoral match for 2021. Will there be more? The nine days wonder The regular parliamentary elections on 4 April gave life to the shortest and perhaps the rowdiest parliament but one that
- [Talk in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-mongolia-3/) - Presentation on "Political Party Finance Regulation in Mongolia: Pros and Cons in a Comparative Perspective" at the Parliamentary Research and Development Institute of the Mongolian Parliament (Ulaanbaatar).
- [TV interview (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-mongolia-4/) - Interview about party funding regulation in Mongolia.
- [Seminar in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-mongolia-2/) - Presentation on "Does Money Rule Post-Soviet Party Politics? Experiences and Challenges in the Context of Post-Soviet Countries" at the Mongolian State University of Education (Ulaanbaatar).
- [Talk in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/tak-in-mongolia/) - Presentation on "Does Money Rule Post-Soviet Party Politics? Experiences and Challenges in the Context of Post-Soviet Countries" at the National University of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar).
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-mongolia/) - Meeting with members of the the Social Democratic Youth (SDY) organization of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar) and presentation on "Party Funding Regulation and Party Politics: Implications and Challenges.
- [2024 parliamentary elections in Lithuania: a sweeping victory of the left](https://whogoverns.eu/2024-parliamentary-elections-in-lithuania-a-sweeping-victory-of-the-left/) - By Rokas Stabingis (Independent Scholar) The math did not add up after the 1st round The 13th of October, Lithuanians elected half of the parliament in the multi-member constituency (70 MPs) under the proportional electoral system and 8 out of 71 in the single-member constituencies under the majoritarian electoral system, as they received the support
- [The Victory of the Right: Back to Progress](https://whogoverns.eu/the-victory-of-the-right-back-to-progress/) - By Rokas Stabingis (Independent Scholar) The voter turnout seems not to be affected by the COVID-19 In the face of the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, Lithuania has elected its new parliament Seimas of 141 MPs. The voter turnout in the I round on 11 of October was 47 %, i.e insignificantly lower than
- [TI/ODIHR Bootcamp (Germany)](https://whogoverns.eu/ti-odihr-bootcamp-germany/) - Presentation on "Party Funding Regulation in Eastern European Partnership Countries" at the Transparency International (TI) and the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) 6th Political Integrity Bootcamp 2024: Integrity of Political Finance" in Berlin.
- [PTPN Conference (Łódź)](https://whogoverns.eu/ptpn-conference-lodz/) - Keynote speaker in the Roundtable on "Backsliding of Democracy in the World: Challenges and Solutions for Restoring Democratic Standards" at the 6th Congress of the Polish Political Science Association (PTPN) in Łódź (Poland).
- [Book presentation (Łódź)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-lodz/) - Presentation at the 6th Congress of the Polish Political Science Association (PTPN), with the participation of Paweł Laidler (Jagiellonian University, Cracow) and Piotr Sula (University of Wrocław).
- [TV interview (Montenegro)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-montenegro/) - Interview on the rise of populist parties in Europe.
- [Presentation in Belize](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-belize/) - Presentation on "Parliament and Campaign Finance Regulation: A Case-study" for the Caribbean Democratic Union (CDU) Parliamentary Governance Alumni Caucus Meeting in Belize.
- [ČSPV Conference (Brno)](https://whogoverns.eu/cspv-brno/) - Keynote speech on "Crisis of Representative Democracy: Consequences, Causes and Remedies" at the 8th Congress of the Czech Political Science Association (ČPSV) in Brno (Czechia).
- [ECPR Summer School (Germany)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-summer-school-germany-3/) - Lecture at the 33rd European Consortium for Political Research PhD Summer School on “Political Parties and Party Systems” in Duisburg.
- [Book presentation (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-spain-3/) - Presentation at the Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies (CEPC) of "Cierre del Sistema de Partidos: Alianzas entre Partidos, Alternativas de Gobierno y Democracia en Europa", with the participation of Lucia Mendez Prada (El Mundo), Luis Orriols Galve (Carlos III University), Juan Rodriguez Teruel (University of Valencia) and Jorge Vilches Garcia (Complutense University).
- [ECPR Prize Committee](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-prize-committee/) - Meeting of the 2024 ECPR Jean Blondel PhD. Prize Jury.
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-9/) - Interview on the 2024 parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom.
- [Book presentation (ALACIP)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-alacip/) - Presentation at the 12th Latin American Congress of Political Science (ALACIP), with the participation of Daniel Buquet (University of the Republic, Uruguay), Laura Wills-Otero (University of the Andes, Colombia), Pablo Oñate (University of Valencia) and Juan Pablo Luna (Pontifical Catholic University of Chile).
- [Book presentation (AECPA)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-aecpa/) - Presentation at the 17th Congress of the Spanish Political Science Association (AECPA), with the participation of Astrid Barrio and Juan Rodriguez Teruel (University of Valencia).
- [Seminar in Ukraine](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-ukraine-2/) - Seminar lecture at Civil Diplomacy Forum on "The Crisis of Representative Democracy: Consequences, Causes and Potential Remedies"
- [Seminar in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-mexico-2/) - Seminar lecture at the University of Guadalajara on "Populism, Party Crisis and Representative Democracy".
- [Long Live the Republic, and Long Live Parliamentarism:  The 2024 French Legislative Elections](https://whogoverns.eu/long-live-the-republic-and-long-live-parliamentarism-the-2024-french-legislative-elections/) - By Jan Rovny (Science Po, Paris) A strange mix of relief, apprehension, and disorientation permeates through Paris after the second round of the extraordinary legislative elections. Relief because, despite projections of a possible absolute majority for the radical right Rassemblement national (RN), the RN was held back from power by a historically high level of
- [The 2024 General Election in the United Kingdom: A Victory for Labour and Record-Breaking Defeat for the Conservatives](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2024-general-election-in-the-united-kingdom-a-victory-for-labour-and-record-breaking-defeat-for-the-conservatives/) - By William Horncastle (University of Bedfordshire) Last Thursday, the British electorate went to the polls in the first general election since 2019. As one of the most consequential events of the 21st Century, the election represented a victory for Kier Starmer, who won Labour their first election since 2005, ending 14 years of Conservative government
- [OSCE/ODIHR meeting (Kiev)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-meeting-kiev/) - Part of the OSCE/ODIHR group of international experts meeting an Ukrainian parliamentary delegation to discuss public funding of political parties
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-8/) - Interview on the 2024 parliamentary elections in the United Kingdom.
- [Bookfair (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/bookfair-spain/) - Signature of book copies of "Cierre del Sistema de Partidos: Alianzas entre Partidos, Alternativas de Gobierno y Democracia en Europa" (CECP, 2024) at Madrid's Bookfair (Spain).
- [How many elections are needed to form a government in Bulgaria?](https://whogoverns.eu/how-many-elections-are-needed-to-form-a-government-in-bulgaria/) - By Teodora Yovcheva (University of Sofia) How many elections are needed to form a government? After the sixth parliamentary election in 4 years Bulgaria is trying to find the answer. The date 9th June is when most of the European countries held European elections. In Bulgaria except European election in the same date parliamentary election
- [Belgium’s 2024 Elections: A Shift to the Right, Though Less Extreme Than Expected](https://whogoverns.eu/belgiums-2024-elections-a-shift-to-the-right-though-less-extreme-than-expected/) - By Bjarn Eck (Université Libre de Bruxelles) Alongside the elections for the European Parliament, Belgium held federal and regional elections on the 9th of June for the first time in five years. The country shifted to the right, but the results were less of an extremist earthquake than many expected. In the northern Dutch-speaking region
- [A Landslide Triumph for the right-wing VMRO DPMNE and Social Democrats' Crushing Defeat in Macedonian Dual Elections"](https://whogoverns.eu/a-landslide-triumph-for-the-right-wing-vmro-dpmne-and-social-democrats-crushing-defeat-in-macedonian-dual-elections/) - By Trajche Panov (Trinity College Dublin) The recent double elections in Macedonia unfolded as a resounding victory for the right-wing VMRO DPMNE party and a significant setback for the ruling Social Democrats (SDSM). In a landslide win, VMRO DPMNE, characterized by its right-wing nationalist stance, secured triumphs in both parliamentary and presidential elections. This electoral
- [KAS Summer School (Taiwan)](https://whogoverns.eu/kas-summer-school-taiwan/) - Co-director at the 4th Asian Summer School on “Political Parties and Democracy” at the National Chengchi University (NCCU) in Taipei (Taiwan).
- [Seminar in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-uk-5/) - Seminar lecture at the School of Politics of the University of Manchester
- [Book presentation (Taiwan)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-taiwan/) - Presentation of "Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives and Democracy in Europe" (OUP, 2021) at Academia Sinica (Taipei).
- [Workshop in Taiwan](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-taiwan/) - Presentation in a workshop on "Democracy and Constitutionalism" at the National Chengchi University (NCCU) in Taipei.
- [Parliamentary elections in Croatia 2024: This time without absolute winners](https://whogoverns.eu/parliamentary-elections-in-croatia-2024-this-time-without-absolute-winners/) - By Fjola Muratović (University of Zagreb) This year in Croatia will certainly pass in the spirit of elections and election results, because in addition to the parliamentary elections held on April 17, the European elections are scheduled for June and the presidential elections for December. The pre-election campaign was short and intense, while judging by
- [Seminar in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-poland/) - Seminar lecture at the Faculty of Political Science and Journalism of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań.
- [Training in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/training-in-poland/) - Presentation on "How to Publish" at the 3rd Methodological Academy of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Gniezno.
- [Academic conference (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/academic-conference-poland-2/) - Keynote speech on "Presidential Elections and Party System Closure in Europe: A New Approach" at the Faculty of International and Political Studies of the Jagiellonian University in Cracow (Poland).
- [The 2024 snap elections in Portugal](https://whogoverns.eu/5266-2/) - By Hugo Ferrinho Lopes (University of Lisbon) The radical right secured nearly 50 MPs as Portugal approaches the 50th anniversary of the end of a right-wing dictatorship. Chega (Enough) experienced a surge in the snap elections of March 2024, achieving a sizeable outcome and emerging as a major player in a reconfigured party system. The
- [ODIHR Training](https://whogoverns.eu/odihr-training/) - Presentation on "Parties, Party Systems and Party Regulations Trends in the OSCE Space" at the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR) "Intensive Training for Change-makers on Gender Audits and Gender Action Plans: Tools for Institutional Transformation of Political Parties" in Warsaw.
- [Seminar in Italy](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-italy-5/) - Seminar lecture at Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna (University of Pisa).
- [Interview for "RevDem"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-for-revdem/) - Podcast (with Prof. Zsolt Enyedi) on party competition and cooperation in Spain.
- [Radio interview (Portugal)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-portugal-2/) - Interview on the 2024 Galician parliamentary elections
- [OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-annual-meeting-poland-2/) - OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting of the Core Group of Experts on Political Parties (Warsaw).
- [Seminar in Hungary](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-hungary-3/) - Seminar lecture at the Institute for Political Science of the Centre for Social Sciences (CSS) in Budapest.
- [Seminar in Austria](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-austria/) - Seminar lecture at the Central European University (CEU) in Vienna.
- [SPSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/spsa-conference-usa/) - Co-authored paper presented at the 95th SPSA Annual Conference in New Orleans.
- [Elections in Serbia 2023 – All quiet on the Serbian Front](https://whogoverns.eu/elections-in-serbia-2023-all-quiet-on-the-serbian-front/) - By Ilija Gavrilović (University of Belgrade) Yesterday, parliamentary and local elections were held in Serbia, the third in the previous three years in Serbia. Turnout in this election (59%) was slightly higher than the previous ones, although the turnout trend during the day indicated that it could be much higher than usual. This seems to
- [The 2023 Montenegrin Parliamentary Election: Expected Outcome, Worrying Trends](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2023-montenegrin-parliamentary-election-expected-outcome-worrying-trends/) - By Slaven Zivković (DeFacto) In the 2023 Montenegrin parliamentary elections, held on June 11th following the dissolution of the previous parliament, the Europe Now Movement (PES) emerged as the dominant political entity, securing a significant share of the seats (see Table 1). After extensive coalition negotiations, the PES formed a new government, with Milojko Spajić
- [Populist Radical Right Wins Dutch Elections, But Can They Form a Government?](https://whogoverns.eu/populist-radical-right-wins-dutch-elections-but-can-they-form-a-government/) - By Simon Otjes (Leiden University) and Léonie de Jonge (University of Groningen) On November 22, the Netherlands elected a new Parliament. The elections saw a major change in the Dutch political landscape. In terms of seats change, the election was the most volatile election since the introduction of the proportional electoral system: 54 seats changed
- [Winter School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/winter-school-poland/) - Lecture at the Adam Mickiewicz University Winter School for doctoral students in Poznań.
- [Seminar in Hungary](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-hungary-2/) - Discussant at the CEU Democracy Institute Rooftop Seminar Series (Budapest, Hungary).
- [SEAPAC course (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/seapac-course-uk/) - Presentation on "Money in Politics and Corruption" at the South-East Asia Parliamentarians against Corruption (SEAPAC) "Integrity and Anti-Corruption" Course in the Westminster Foundation for Democracy HQ (London, UK).
- [Academic conference (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/academic-conference-poland/) - Keynote speech on "Crisis of Representative Democracy" at Collegium Polonicum Conference in Słubice (Poland).
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-7/) - Interview on Sunak's cabinet reshuffle in the United Kingdom.
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-10/) - Interview for Outra Palabras (Brazil).
- [The 2023 Swiss Federal Elections: Last Time’s Winners Lose and Losers Win](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2023-swiss-federal-elections-last-times-winners-lose-and-losers-win/) - By Lukas Lauener (Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences/University of Lausanne) On 22 October, almost 5.6 million voters were called to elect the new Swiss Parliament for its 52nd legislative period. 46.6 percent of eligible voters participated in the elections, which is a small increase of 1.5 percentage points compared to 2019. It
- [Roundtable in Budapest](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-budapest/) - Roundtable on "Populism beyond borders - transnational patterns and transfer" at the CEU Polányi Salon (Budapest).
- [Seminar in Hungary](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-hungary/) - Seminar lecture at the Central European University (CEU) in Budapest.
- [ODIHR/FES School](https://whogoverns.eu/odihr-fes-school/) - Presentation on "Political Parties and Money in Politics" at the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School/Friedrich Ebert Stiftung School on “Politics, Leadership and Advocacy” in Warsaw.
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-6/) - Interview on the 2023 Polish parliamentary elections
- [The 2023 Polish Parliamentary Election: Change is Coming](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2023-polish-parliamentary-election-change-is-coming/) - By Kamil Marcinkiewicz (formerly University of Hamburg) In the parliamentary election on October 15th, 2023, Poles voted for 460 members of the lower house of parliament, the Sejm, and 100 members of the upper house, the Senate. The authoritarian Law and Justice (PiS) is expected to win according to the late polls roughly 36% of
- [MPhil. Thesis Committee (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/mphil-thesis-committee/) - Member of a MPhil. Thesis Committee, together with Prof. Ramon Pacheco Pardo (KCL), Dr Lee Savage (KCL) and Dr Michael Buehler (SOAS University of London) at King's College London (UK). The PhD. Thesis, titled "Voting Behaviour in a Dramatically Politically Changing Environment", was defence with "major revisions" by Asyraf Afnan Ahmad Murtadza.
- [Radio interview (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-malaysia-2/) - Interview on the rise of populism and polarisation in Europe.
- [Batory Foundation/EPDE Report](https://whogoverns.eu/batory-foundation-report/) - Batory Foundation/EPDE Report on "The upcoming 2023 referendum and parliamentary elections in Poland: key concerns about the “double celebration” democracy day".
- [The 2023 Slovak Parliamentary Elections: Fico's Return to Power is Likely but the New Government May Not Last Long](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2023-slovak-parliamentary-elections-ficos-return-to-power-is-likely-but-the-new-government-may-not-last-long/) - By Marek Rybář (Masaryk University) Robert Fico, the leader of Smer-Slovak Social Democracy (Smer), has made a resurgence. Following the electoral setback in 2020, the popularity of his party plummeted to some 8 percent. His erstwhile protégé, Peter Pellegrini, who assumed the role of Prime Minister in the Smer-led coalition government in 2018 after Fico
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-9/) - Interview for Diari d'Andorra (Andorra).
- [KAS Summer School (Kuala Lumpur)](https://whogoverns.eu/kas-summer-school-kuala-lumpur/) - Co-director at the 3rd Asian Summer School on “Political Parties and Democracy” at the University of Nottingham-Malaysia.
- [Presentation in Malaysia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-malaysia/) - Presentation on "Political Party Finance Reform" at the Bar Council (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia).
- [Presentation in Malaysia](https://whogoverns.eu/5068-2/) - Presentation for the Agora Society Malaysia CSO on "Political Funding Regulation and Corruption: an Institutional Problem" (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia).
- [Talk in Malaysia](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-malaysia/) - Presentation on "The Crisis of Representative Democracy: Causes, Consequences and Remedies" at the Agora Society Malaysia and Aliran & Penang Forum in Penang (Malaysia).
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mongolia-3/) - Presentation for the Youth Policy Watch NGO and the Open Society Foundation on "Third-party Funding: Challenges and International Standards" (Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia).
- [Talk in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-madrid-2/) - Lecture at University San Pablo CEU on "Facing the Populist Challenge in the EU".
- [Talk in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-madrid-3/) - Lecture at University San Pablo CEU on "European Democracies and Party Systems in Stormy Times".
- [Talk in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-madrid-4/) - Inaugural lecture of the BA in Political Science at Complutense University of Madrid on "The Populist Challenge: Is There A Future for Party Democracy?".
- [Talk in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-madrid/) - Lecture at University San Pablo CEU on "The Crisis of Representative Democracy and the Rise of Anti-political-establishment Parties".
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-8/) - Interview for Oriental Daily (Malaysia).
- [Radio interview (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-malaysia/) - Interview on political party finance reform in Malaysia
- [Radio interview (Portugal)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-portugal/) - Interview on the 2023 Spanish parliamentary elections
- [Radio Interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-spain-4/) - Interview on the Bulgarian parliamentary elections
- [KAS Summer School (Kyrgyzstan)](https://whogoverns.eu/kas-summer-school-kyrgyzstan/) - Co-director at the 2nd Asian Summer School on “Political Parties and Democracy” at the OSCE Academy (Bishkek). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [In polarised Spain, populists win even when they lose the elections](https://whogoverns.eu/in-polarised-spain-populists-win-even-when-they-lose-the-elections/) - By José Javier Olivas Osuna (UNED) Thanks to the high degree of political polarisation, Spain finds itself in a paradoxical situation. Although the electoral results were bad for most populist parties, they have all increased their capacity to influence governance after the last General Elections on 23 July 2023. Far right Vox lost 19 seats
- [IPSA World Congress (Buenos Aires)](https://whogoverns.eu/ipsa-world-congress-buenos-aires/) - Presentations at the 27th World Congress of Political Science in Buenos Aires.
- [Greece’s 2023 Elections: The Need for Safety?](https://whogoverns.eu/greeces-2023-elections-the-need-for-safety/) - By Iakovos Makropoulos (University of Essex) The results of the May and June 2023 Greek Parliamentary Elections confirmed the dominance of the Conservative Party in Greece, New Democracy, whereas showed the weakness of the radical left and the main opposition, SYRIZA, to re-gain power (Figure 1). A recent major review of the Greek electoral system
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-7/) - Interview for The Edge (Malaysia). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-6/) - Interview for Free Malaysia Today. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container] [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-5/) - Interview for The Star (Malaysia). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [AMECIP course (Mexico)](https://whogoverns.eu/amecip-course-mexico-2/) - 2nd International Course on "Political Parties and Party Systems", together with Dr. Juan Rodríguez Teruel, for the Mexican Association of Political Science (AMECIP).
- [Seminar in Belgium](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-belgium-2/) - Seminar lecture at the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in Brussels.
- [TV interview (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-malaysia/) - Interview on the meaning of "political financing and funding democracy" for "Consider This", an Astro AWANI (Malaysian Television) Politics Show.
- [Rotating cabinets: a new political fashion](https://whogoverns.eu/rotating-cabinets-a-new-political-fashion/) - By Teodora Yovcheva (University of Sofia) Two months after the elections on 2 April following a cycle of early parliamentary elections, Bulgaria has its first government with rotation of the prime ministers. The government was a result of the tough negotiations between antagonists – GERB-SDS (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria – Union of Democratic
- [SGPP Conference (Kazakhstan)](https://whogoverns.eu/sgpp-conference-kazakhstan/) - Keynote speech on "Crisis of Representative Democracy: Causes, Consequences and Remedies?" at the 7th International Conference of the Graduate School of Public Policy (GSPP) in the Nazarbayev University (Astana).
- [Another landslide for Erdoğan and resilience of competitive authoritarianism: the runoff presidential elections in Turkey](https://whogoverns.eu/another-landslide-for-erdogan-and-resilience-of-competitive-authoritarianism-the-runoff-presidential-elections-in-turkey/) - By Hakan Yavuzyılmaz (Başkent University) On May 28th Turkish voters once again headed to polls to cast their votes for runoff presidential elections. The results of the first round and results of the legislative elections significantly demoralized the opposition camp. Contrary to the expectations, People’s Alliance’s candidate Recep Tayyip Erdoğan received 49.5% of the votes
- [Parliamentary committee hearing (Trinidad and Tobago)](https://whogoverns.eu/parliamentary-committee-hearing-trinidad-and-tobago/) - Expert analysis of proposed amended Representation of the People Act (Bill 15) in Trinidad and Tobago.
- [Workshop in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-uk-2/) - WFD workshop on "The role of political parties in building resilience in an age of democratic decline".
- [Workshop in USA](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-2/) - Discussant at the POMEPS (Project on Middle East Political Science) Junior Scholar Book Development Workshop (Washington). Book manuscript: Varieties of Power: Female Political Representation and Authoritarianism Author: Dr Marwa Shalaby (University of Wisconsin-Madison) Chair: Prof. Marc Lynch (George Washington University) Discussants: Prof. Melody Valdini (Portland State University) and Dr Fernando Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham)
- [Turkey’s May 14th Elections: A competitive yet unfair contest between authoritarianism and democracy:](https://whogoverns.eu/turkeys-may-14th-elections-a-competitive-yet-unfair-contest-between-authoritarianism-and-democracy/) - By Hakan Yavuzyılmaz (Başkent University) On May 14th Turkish citizens headed to the polls to cat their votes both for parliamentary and presidential elections. The elections saw a historic turnout, reaching to 87%. Such an extensive participation was both due to tight race between the main presidential candidates and high level of polarization in the
- [Putnam Debates (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/putnam-debates-2023-uk/) - Speaker at the Putnam Debates 2023 on "Democracy in Crisis?", organised by the Oxford Global Society [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Policy Impact and Public Engagement Awards (nominated)](https://whogoverns.eu/policy-impact-and-public-engagement-awards-nominated/) - Nominated to the Policy Impact and Public Engagement Awards of the University of Nottingham in the category of "Best Policy Impact Initiative". [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [FES Report](https://whogoverns.eu/fes-report-3/) - Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Report on "Political Finance and Public Funding of Political Parties in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities".
- [Seminar in Italy](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-italy-4/) - Presentation on "Presidential Elections, Powers and Party System Closure in Asia" at the "Robert Elgie" Brown Bag Seminar Series (Sapienza University, Rome)
- [Seminar in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-mongolia-2/) - Presentation on various aspects of constitutional reform (e.g. types of regime, electoral systems, party regulation) at the Constitutional Law Institute of the National University of Mongolia (Ulaanbaatar).
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-4/) - Interview for The UB Post (Mongolia). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [PSA Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/psa-conference-uk-3/) - Presentation of two papers (with Dr Don Lee) at the 73rd Annual Conference of the Political Studies Association in Liverpool.
- [Andorra's 2023 elections: DA wins an absolute parliamentary majority](https://whogoverns.eu/andorras-2023-elections-da-wins-an-absolute-parliamentary-majority/) - By Juli Minoves-Triquell (University of La Verne) The national elections in Andorra on April 2nd resulted in a majority for the center-right governing party (Figure 1). Demòcrates per Andorra (DA), of Prime Minister Xavier Espot. With a participation of 66.93% of the 29958 electorate, DA and its allies gathered 6262 votes at the national level
- [Finnish Parliament Elections 2023: The National Coalition Party will lead tricky coalition negotiations](https://whogoverns.eu/finnish-parliament-elections-2023-the-national-coalition-party-will-lead-tricky-coalition-negotiations/) - By
- [2023 Bulgarian parliamentary elections: Who is the winner?](https://whogoverns.eu/2023-bulgarian-parliamentary-elections-who-is-the-winner/) - By Teodora Yovcheva (University of Sofia) On 2 April, Bulgaria held its fifth elections for two years. They were the result of the inability of the parties to form a government after the early parliamentary election in October 2022. The winner of them was unclear during most of the time, changing between the electoral alliances
- [Presentation in Pakistan](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-armenia-3/) - Presentation on "Political Finance and Public Funding of Political Parties in Pakistan: Challenges and Opportunities" as Friedrich Ebert Stiftung's (FES) expert (Islamabad, Pakistan)
- [Estonian Parliamentary Elections 2023: A Major Win for the Reform Party](https://whogoverns.eu/estonian-parliamentary-elections-2023-a-major-win-for-the-reform-party/) - By Martin Mölder (University of Tartu) The Estonian parliamentary elections of 2023 stand out in several respects. Perhaps the most important change in comparison to the 2019 elections is an increase in turnout. If one looks at the reported proportions of turnout, then this fact can be overlooked, but in 2023 about 50 000 voters
- [Out of the Frying Pan, into the Fire? Estonia’s new Government by Kaja Kallas](https://whogoverns.eu/out-of-the-frying-pan-into-the-fire-estonias-new-government-by-kaja-kallas/) - By Martin Mölder (University of Tartu) The new year in Estonian politics began with a political shock that came as a surprise to all and as a relief to many. Even though the 2019 parliamentary elections were won by the Reform Party, it did not get a chance to form a government back then. The
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-5/) - Interview on the resignation of the "Windsor Framework" (EU-UK agreement).
- [Seminar in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-uk-4/) - Presentation at the Department of Political Science and International Relations in the University of Oxford (UK).
- [Stein Rocken Prize (runner-up)](https://whogoverns.eu/stein-rocken-prize-runner-up/) - Honourable mention for the 2022 Prize to the Stein Rokkan Prize awarded by the European Consortium for Political Research (ECPR) for "Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives and Democracy in Europe" (Oxford University Press, 2021).
- [Venice Commission Delegation (Azerbaijan)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-delegation-azerbaijan/) - OSCE/ODIHR representative in the Venice Commission delegation to examine Azerbaijan's new Party Law.
- [Consensus rules Monegasque national elections of 2023](https://whogoverns.eu/consensus-rules-monegasque-national-elections-of-2023/) - By Félicitas Guillot (IE-EI, Nice) On February 5th, national elections were held in Monaco. The campaign started officially the 14th of October 2022 with the presentation of one list, a list of of national alliance : l'UNM - l'Union Nationale Monégasque. This alliance relates to representants of three lists of the previous elections in 2018
- [How to win a Czech presidential election (or at least get through to the second round)](https://whogoverns.eu/how-to-win-a-czech-presidential-election-or-at-least-get-through-to-the-second-round/) - By Tim Haughton (University of Birmingham) Some things never change. The new Czech president will be another man with a five letter surname. Following in the footsteps of Havel, Klaus and Zeman will be either (Petr) Pavel or (Andrej) Babis, both of whom won 35% of the vote in the first round at the weekend.
- [Workshop in Ireland](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-ireland/) - Special Workshop on the work of Peter Mair at University College Dublin (UCD).
- [Book presentation (Andorra)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-andorra/) - Presentation at the Andorran National Library of "Party Politics in European Microstates" with the participation of Prof. Patrick Dumont (ANU, Canberra) and Dr Juli Minoves-Triquell (University of La Verne, USA).
- [OSCE/ODIHR meeting (Warsaw)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-meeting-warsaw/) - Part of the OSCE/ODIHR group of international experts meeting an Ukrainian parliamentary delegation to discuss political ethics and party regulation
- [Routledge Impact Award](https://whogoverns.eu/routledge-impact-award/) - 2022 Routledge Impact Area Studies Award for my project on "Public funding of political parties: what is it good for?".
- [AMECIP (Merida)](https://whogoverns.eu/amecip-merida/) - Keynote speech on "Crisis of Representative Democracy: Political Parties, Villains or Heroes?" at the 10th International Conference of the Mexican Political Science Association (AMECIP) in Merida (Mexico).
- [ALACIP Summer School (Uruguay)](https://whogoverns.eu/alacip-summer-school-uruguay/) - Co-director at the 1ST ALACIP Summer School on “Political Parties and Democracy”.
- [Roundtable in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-moldova/) - Roundtable on "DemTech for Political Parties: XXI Solutions for Increased Transparency and Efficiency" at the MOLDOVA DEMTECH 2022 (Chisinau).
- [Roundtable in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-mongolia/) - Roundtable on "Political Parties in the Age of Populism" at the National University of Mongolia (Ulan Bator).
- [Political upheaval as Denmark has its most dramatic election in 50 years](https://whogoverns.eu/political-upheaval-as-denmark-has-its-most-dramatic-election-in-50-years/) - By Christoffer Hentzer Dausgaard (University of Copenhagen) When the exit polls came in at 8pm, they confirmed an expected result from weeks of campaign polling: one in which neither the ‘red bloc’ of left-of-centre parties nor the ‘blue bloc’ of right-of-centre parties would be able to command a majority on its own without the support
- [A lot of change, a lot of the same: the 2022 general elections in Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://whogoverns.eu/a-lot-of-change-a-lot-of-the-same-the-2022-general-elections-in-bosnia-and-herzegovina/) - By Damir Kapidžić (University of Sarajevo) On October 2nd, 2022, Bosnia and Herzegovina held its ninth general elections since the end of the Bosnian War in 1995. Elections were held for three levels of government under the complex system of governance established through the Dayton Peace Agreement. Apart from the national level these include two
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-3/) - Interview for RD (The Netherlands). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Peter Mair Lecture (Ireland)](https://whogoverns.eu/peter-mair-lecture-ireland/) - Keynote speech on "The Problem of Party System Change Revisited" at the Political Science Association of Ireland (PSAI) Annual Conference (Waterford, Ireland).
- [Presentation in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mexico-2/) - Presentation at the UAM on "Populismo, crisis partidista y democracia representativa: ¿es posible una mejora?" (Mexico City).
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-4/) - Interview on the resignation of the British PM.
- [PSAI Conference (Ireland)](https://whogoverns.eu/psai-conference-ireland/) - Co-authored paper presented at the PSAI Annual Conference in Waterford.
- [Bulgarian elections: continuing fragmentation and uncertain victory](https://whogoverns.eu/4641-2/) - By Teodora Yovcheva (University of Sofia) Sunday’s election was the fourth parliamentary election in Bulgaria for year and a half. Bulgaria came here after the government was brought down by a vote of non confidence in June, the first successful one in Bulgaria since the democratic transition in 1990. The vote was initiated by the
- [The 2022 Latvian general elections: Kariņš most likely to remain as the Prime Minister](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2022-latvian-general-elections-karins-most-likely-to-remain-as-the-prime-minister/) - By Ieva Hofmane (European University Institute) On October 1, 2022, the Latvian general election was held. The results awarded seats in the Saeima, the parliament of the Republic of Latvia, to seven parties, including four newcomers. Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš’ New Unity party has captured almost 19% support, while the opposition Greens and Farmers Union
- [The 2022 Italian general election: a predictable outcome with surprising aspects](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2022-italian-general-election-a-predictable-outcome-with-surprising-aspects/) - By Bruno Marino (LUISS, Rome) The result of the 2022 Italian general election was substantially in line with pre-electoral expectations and polls: a clear victory for the right-wing coalition [1] led by Fratelli d’Italia (FdI, Brothers of Italy), led by Giorgia Meloni and also made by Matteo Salvini’s Lega (League) and Silvio Berlusconi’s Forza Italia
- [APSA Conference (Canada)](https://whogoverns.eu/apsa-conference-canada/) - Co-authored paper presented at the 118th APSA Annual Conference in Montreal.
- [Who Governs, Indeed? The 2022 Parliamentary Election in Sweden](https://whogoverns.eu/nothing-really-changes-but-nothing-will-remain-exactly-the-same-the-2022-parliamentary-election-in-sweden/) - By Jonathan Polk (Lund University) The Social Democratic Party received the most votes in the Swedish parliamentary election held on 11 September 2022.[1] The Social Democrats, in government since 2014, even expanded the party’s vote share (30.3%) from the previous election in 2018 by 2 percentage points. Yet the focus of attention in Sweden has
- [AECPA Conference (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/aecpa-conference-spain/) - Co-authored paper presented at the XVI AECPA Bi-annual Conference in Girona (Spain).
- [AECPA Prize](https://whogoverns.eu/aecpa-prize-2/) - 2022 Prize to the Best Book in Political Science for the 2019-2021 period awarded by the Spanish Political Science Association (AECPA) for "Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives and Democracy in Europe" (Oxford University Press, 2021).
- [Losing votes, losing touch? The beginning of a ‘Great Refusal’?](https://whogoverns.eu/4566-2/) - By Roderick Pace (University of Malta) Malta’s Partit Laburista (Labour Party, PL) won a third general election in a row, with a significant margin over its main rival the Partit Nazzjonalista (Nationalist Party, PN). The election was held on the 26 March 2022. Several months before, public opinion polls by national newspapers had consistently predicted
- [International Conference (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-malaysia/) - Presentation on "Public Funding of Political Parties: What Is It Good For?" at the International Conference held by the IDEAS (Malaysia).
- [Conference (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-georgia-2/) - Presenting on the "Coalition Governments in a European Georgia" at the Georgian Institute of Politics (GIP) Annual Conference (Tbilisi).
- [Venice Commission-OSCE/ODIHR Joint Opinion (Armenia)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-osce-odihr-joint-opinion-armenia/) - Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR Joint Opinion on Draft Amendments to the Legislation Concerning Political Parties in Armenia.
- [Venice Commission-OSCE/ODIHR Joint Opinion (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-osce-odihr-joint-opinion-mongolia/) - Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR Joint Opinion on the Draft Law in Political Parties in Mongolia.
- [Oops! Slovenia did it again: new elections, another newcomer Prime Minister](https://whogoverns.eu/electoral-victory-and-the-position-of-pm-yet-again-held-by-a-newcomer/) - By Alenka Krašovec (University of Ljubljana) Introduction On 24 April 2022, after a decade of elections being called early, regular elections were again held in Slovenia. The country has had a PR electoral system in place since the democratic transition with quite a low threshold (4% since 2000) and so coalition governments are indeed normal.
- [Paris sur Danube: Why the 2022 Elections make France an Eastern European Country?](https://whogoverns.eu/paris-sur-danube-why-the-2022-elections-make-france-an-eastern-european-country/) - By Jan Rovny (Science Po, Paris) The French 2022 legislative elections produced a national assembly without an absolute majority — a first in the history of the French 5th Republic — while a broad left-wing alliance, and the radical right Rassemblement National were the main electoral beneficiaries. Given the rise of these political fringes, and
- [Workshop in Italy](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-italy/) - Workshop to commemorate the work of Peter Mair (R.I.P.) in the 10th anniversary of his death. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Workshop in Belgium](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-belgium/) - Workshop at the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) on "Technocratic attitudes, technocratic government and support for experts in Europe".
- [Workshop in Australia](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-australia/) - Presentation of the "Who Governs" project at the "Sharing is Caring: Comparative Ministerial Elites Across Time and Space" workshop held at the Australian National University (Canberra).
- [EDC report](https://whogoverns.eu/edc-report/) - European Democratic Consulting (EDC) and the Research Centre for the Study of Parties and Democracy (REPRESENT) Report on "49 Recommendations for the reform of Euro parties".
- [Venice Commission Delegation (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-delegation-mongolia/) - OSCE/ODIHR representative in the Venice Commission delegation to examine Mongolia's new Party Law.
- [BASEES Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/basees-conference/) - Co-authored paper presented at the BASEES Annual Conference in Cambridge (UK).
- [ISA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/isa-conference-usa/) - Co-authored paper presented at the ISA Annual Conference in Nashville (USA).
- [Serbian elections: Win for the autocracy on the back of post-truth politics, vote rigging, and media monopolization](https://whogoverns.eu/serbian-elections-win-for-the-autocracy-on-the-back-of-post-truth-politics-vote-rigging-and-media-monopolization/) - By Marta Vuković (City, University of London) Election background and party programs In Serbia, parliamentary, presidential, and in some municipalities, including the capital, Belgrade, local elections were held on Sunday, April 3rd. Parliamentary snap elections came less than two years after the last elections that were held in June 2020 when the ruling party won
- [International Conference in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-in-poland/) - Presentation on a paper, co-authored with Dr Andres Santana and Dr Jose Rama, on the impact of COVID-19 on voter turnout at the University of Silesia (Katowice, Poland).
- [Hungarian 2022 parliamentary elections: Nihil Novi](https://whogoverns.eu/hungarian-2002-parliamentary-elections-nihil-novi/) - By Bálint Mikola (CEU PhD graduate, independent researcher) While for an external observer, it might have appeared as if this year’s Hungarian general elections would surely mean the end of 12 years of a semi-authoritarian regime that has become isolated within the EU, things looked very different from a domestic perspective. Even if the populist
- [GIP School (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/gip-school-georgia/) - Presenting on "Facing the Illiberal Challenge: Causes, Consequences and Remedies" at the Georgian Institute of Politics (GIP) School on Party Politics (Tbilisi).
- [Newspaper interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-2/) - Interview for Faro de Vigo (Spain). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Seminar in Bolivia](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-bolivia-2/) - Online seminar for "Ruta de la Democracia" (civil society organisation) and the Bolivian Political Science Association on the "Russia's War on Ukraine".
- [2022 Portuguese snap elections: the surprise Socialist absolute majority](https://whogoverns.eu/2022-portuguese-snap-elections-the-surprise-socialist-absolute-majority/) - By Susana Coroado (University of Lisbon) Against all the expectations created during the electoral campaign, the 2022 Portuguese snap election ended in an absolute majority to the ruling Socialist Party (PS), who increased five percentage points and eleven more members of parliament in comparison with the 2019 elections. Its partners in a leftist coalition, the
- [WFD Report](https://whogoverns.eu/wfd-report-2/) - Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD) Report on "Post-legislative Scrutiny of Election Campaign Finance Legislation".
- [KAS Winter School (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/kas-winter-school-malaysia/) - Co-director at the 1st Asian Winter School on “Political Parties and Democracy” in Kuala Lumpur. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Bulgaria: A Fertile Ground for New Leaders](https://whogoverns.eu/bulgaria-a-fertile-ground-for-new-leaders/) - By Teodora Yovcheva (University of Sofia) On Sunday 14th November, Bulgarians went to the polling stations for the third time in eight months. This was the result of two elections, after which the political forces could not agree on government formation. The April election was the first regular one since 2009. The then incumbent ruling
- [Talk in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-spain/) - Presentation on "The Crisis of Political Parties: Causes and Remedies" at the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAS) and People's Party (PP) Conference on "The Future of the Centre-Right" in Circulo de Bellas Artes of Madrid.
- [Presentation in Portugal](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-portugal/) - Talk about "The Public Funding of Political Parties" at Conference on "Political Funding: Different Perspectives" at Lusiada University (Lisbon).
- [Seminar in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-spain-5/) - Presenting my OUP book at the Department of Political Science in Faculty of Law of the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) in Spain.
- [FES Report](https://whogoverns.eu/fes-report-2/) - Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Report on "The Perils of Popular Presidential Elections". -- --
- [Seminar in Ukraine](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-ukraine/) - Seminar lecture at Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts on "The Crisis of Representative Democracy"
- [SOMEE Conference (Mexico)](https://whogoverns.eu/somee-conference-mexico/) - Keynote speech on "La Democracia Representativa en el Siglo XXI: Enfermedad y Posible Remedios" at the 23rd Congress of the Mexican Association of Electoral Studies (SOMEE).
- [The 2021 Czech parliamentary elections: the surprising victory of the anti-populist coalition](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2021-parliamentary-elections-in-czechia-the-surprising-victory-of-the-anti-populist-coalition/) - By Vlastimil Havlík (Masaryk University), and Jakub Wondreys (Independent researcher) The general election that took place in the Czech Republic last weekend deserves attention for several reasons. The major surprise is the electoral defeat of the incumbent technocratic populist party ANO (Action of Dissatisfied Citizens) led by Andrej Babiš and the victory of the right-wing
- [A Historic Bundestag election and SPD's comeback](https://whogoverns.eu/a-historic-bundestag-election-and-spds-comeback/) - By Catrina Schläger, Martin Güttler and Jan Niklas Engels (Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung) The Bundestag elections 2021 stand out in a number of respects. For the first time (with the exception of the first Bundestag election in 1949) there was no Chancellor seeking re-election. Furthermore, three parties were fielding a candidate for Chancellor. On top of that, the
- [DI/CEU Conference (Hungary)](https://whogoverns.eu/di-ceu-conference-hungary/) - Roundtable at "Probing Democracy" CEU Democracy Institute in Budapest.
- [Newspaper interview (Brazil)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-brazil-2/) - Interview on the 2021 German parliamentary elections.
- [PSA Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/psa-conference-uk-2/) - Presentation of two papers (with Dr Don Lee and with Jose Rama) at the 69th Annual Conference of the Political Studies Association in Nottingham.
- [APSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/apsa-conference-usa-4/) - Co-authored paper presented at the 117th APSA Annual Conference in Seattle.
- [Government coalition survives in Iceland – for the first time since the bank crash of 2008](https://whogoverns.eu/government-coalition-survives-in-iceland-for-the-first-time-since-the-bank-crash-of-2008/) - By Ólafur Th. Hardarson (University of Iceland) Parliamentary elections took place in Iceland last Saturday, September 25th 2021. The government coalition survived with a slightly increased majority. One of the government parties, the Progressive Party, was the main winner of the election, gaining 6.6%. The party of the prime minister, the Left-Green Movement, lost 4.3%,
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-3/) - Interview on the 5th May regional elections in Madrid.
- [SCOPE Conference (Romania)](https://whogoverns.eu/scope-conference-romania-2/) - Roundtable at the 7th International Interdisciplinary Conference of Political Research in Bucharest.
- [FES Report](https://whogoverns.eu/4209-2/) - Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Report on the "Institutionalization of Political Parties in Mongolia".
- [The left wins, but is more fragmented than ever: the 2021 Norwegian general elections](https://whogoverns.eu/the-left-wins-but-is-more-fragmented-than-ever-the-2021-norwegian-general-elections/) - By Peter Egge Langsæther (University of Oslo) For the last eight years, Norway has been governed by various right-wing coalitions led by the Conservative party and their leader, Prime Minister Erna Solberg. As in many other countries, the main governing party received a decisive boost to its support as the corona pandemic threw Norway into
- [Moldova's 2021 parliamentary election: the wind of change is real](https://whogoverns.eu/moldovas-2021-parliamentary-election-the-wind-of-change-is-real/) - By Victoria Olari (Institute for Strategic Initiatives) While the whole of Europe was watching the EURO 2020 final on Sunday night, somewhere in Eastern Europe there was a no less spectacular fight. Early parliamentary elections took place in the Republic of Moldova on July 11th. The vote was called by President Maia Sandu, thus fulfilling
- [KAS Summer School (Malaysia)](https://whogoverns.eu/kas-summer-school-malaysia/) - Co-director at the 1st Asian Summer School on “Political Parties and Democracy” in Kuala Lumpur. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Presentation in Kenya](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-kenya/) - Presenting recommendations on how to regulate "electoral campaign spending" (e.g. caps, disclosure, enforcement and sanctions) to representatives of the Kenyan Electoral Commission in collaboration with the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD).
- [TV interview (Kazakhstan)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-kazakhstan/) - Talking about promoting democracy in Kazakhstan.
- [PhD. Thesis Committee (Italy)](https://whogoverns.eu/phd-thesis-committee-italy/) - Member of a PhD. Thesis Committee, together with Prof. Petry Stykow (University of Munich), Prof. Dorothee Bohle and Prof. Stefano Bartolini (EUI) at European University Institute in Florence. The PhD. Thesis, titled "Understanding Post-Soviet Party Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Georgia and Moldova", was successfully defended by Paulina Sałek.
- [Report on Kazakhstan](https://whogoverns.eu/report-on-kazakhstan/) - "The Regulation of Party Politics in Kazakhstan" Report. --
- [AMECIP course (Mexico)](https://whogoverns.eu/amecip-course-mexico/) - International Course on "Political Parties and Party Systems", together with Dr. Juan Rodríguez Teruel, for the Mexican Association of Political Science (AMECIP).
- [ECPR/ODIHR Summer School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-odihr-summer-school-poland-4/) - Co-director at the 4th European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw.
- [The 2021 Early Parliamentary Election in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2021-early-parliamentary-election-in-armenia/) - By Harout Manougian (Staff Writter, EVN Report) On Sunday, June 20, 2021, Armenian citizens went back to the polls for the third time in five years to elect its eighth parliament. Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan had come to an agreement with parliamentary opposition parties to hold this early election in the wake of the 2020
- [Interview in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-el-correo-gallego-3/) - Talking about Spanish politics.
- [Webinar in North Macedonia](https://whogoverns.eu/webinar-in-north-macedonia/) - Webinar sponsored by Impetus and the Europe House-Skopje on "Monitoring Elections to Reduce Corruption".
- [Webinar in Kyrgyzstan](https://whogoverns.eu/webinar-in-kyrgyzstan/) - Webinar sponsored by the Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) on "Political Crisis and Constitutional Reform in Kyrgyzstan".
- [Workshop](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop/) - Workshop to commemorate the work of Peter Mair (R.I.P.) in the 10th anniversary of his death.
- [ECPR Joint Sessions (Prague)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-joint-sessions-prague/) - Presentation at the 49th European Consortium for Political Research Joint Sessions of Workshops in Prague.
- [Stein Rokkan Lecture (Czechia)](https://whogoverns.eu/stein-rokkan-lecture-czechia/) - Stein Rokkan House Lecture at the 2021 ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops (Prague) Speakers: Dr. Milada Anna Vachudova, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) Dr. Lenka Bustikova, Arizona State University (USA) Prof. Zsolt Enyedi, Central European University (Hungary) Prof. Ondrej Cisar, Charles University (Prague) Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, University of Nottingham Moderator:
- [NDI Training on Movement Based Parties (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/ndi-training-on-movement-based-parties-usa/) - Trainer at the Session on the “Movement Based Parties” (Washington) Session trainers: Renne Traicova, Senior Advisor (USAID) Dickson Omondi, Regional Director (NDI) Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, Associate Professor (University of Nottingham) Moderator: Sef Ashiagbor, Senior Advisor (NDI)
- [‘Return to Normalcy?’ The 2021 Legislative Elections in the Republic of Cyprus](https://whogoverns.eu/return-to-normalcy-30th-may-2021-legislative-elections-in-the-republic-of-cyprus/) - By Direnç Kanol (Near East University, Cyprus) The Republic of Cyprus is the only state with a presidential system in the EU. The House of Representatives is constituted by 56 Greek Cypriots and three observer members of the Latin, Armenian, and Maronite communities. In theory, 24 seats are reserved for the Turkish Cypriots which reflects
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain-2/) - Interview on the 5th May regional elections in Madrid.
- [Interview in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-el-correo-gallego-2/) - Talking about 5th May regional elections in Madrid.
- [Russian factor in Georgian politics – ghost, host or not the scariest one?](https://whogoverns.eu/russian-factor-in-georgian-politics-ghost-host-or-not-the-scariest-one/) - By Arunas Grazulis (Political consultant) and Tamuna Bagratia (Independent expert) The political turmoil that marked the this winter in Georgia, starting from the questionable elections, peaking in detention of prominent opposition figure, resignation of Prime Minister, and did not ending with the international attempts to mitigate the domestic crisis, naturally raises multiple questions, the common
- [The illusion of fixing all of Albania’s democracy problems through general elections](https://whogoverns.eu/the-illusion-of-fixing-all-of-albanias-democracy-problems-through-general-elections/) - By Alba Brojka (Independent expert) Expectations were high for the general elections in Albania on 25th of April, as were the stakes. Albanian citizens were to decide who would fill the 140 seats in their Parliament while in the existing term 75 were held by the Socialist Party, a comfortable majority. The country’s politics have
- [MPSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/mpsa-conference-usa-3/) - Roundtable at the 78th Midwest Political Studies Association Annual Conference in Chicago.
- [Seminar in Italy](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-italy-3/) - Presentation on "Party System Closure: Causes and Consequences for Democracy" at the "Robert Elgie" Brown Bag Seminar Series (Sapienza University, Rome)
- [Bulgarian parliamentary elections: many surprises and uncertain outcome](https://whogoverns.eu/bulgarian-parliamentary-elections-many-surprises-and-uncertain-outcome/) - By Teodora Yovcheva (University of Sofia) Yesterday’s parliamentary election in Bulgaria was the first regular one since 2009. The results surprised everyone. GERB won the elections but it looks like the anti-establishment and protest parties and coalitions won more than it was predicted for them by the polls. The biggest oppositional party in the parliament
- [Four more years? The 2021 parliamentary elections in The Netherlands](https://whogoverns.eu/four-more-years/) - By Ingrid van Biezen (University of Leiden) Liberal parties on the rise After a tame and uninspiring campaign, Prime Minister Mark Rutte led his party (VVD) to win the Dutch elections for the fourth time in a row. With over 88 per cent of the vote counted,* the liberal-conservatives look to obtain 36 seats (out
- [Seminar in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-uk-3/) - Seminar lecture at the Department of European and International Studies of the King's College London (KCL) on "Facing the Anti-establishment Challenged"
- [Seminar in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-uk-2/) - Seminar lecture at the School of Law, Politics and Sociology of the University of Sussex on "Party System Institutionalization and Democracy"
- [TV debate (Armenia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-debate-armenia/) - Debate with Mr. Daniel Ioannisyan (member of the Constitutional Reform Commission in Armenia) on the "Re-introduction of semi-presidentialism in Armenia" for "Civilnet" (Armenian TV station).
- [Fluidity as a virtue, volatility as a norm? Slovak party system one year after elections](https://whogoverns.eu/fluidity-as-a-virtue-volatility-as-a-norm-slovak-party-system-one-year-after-elections/) - By Peter Učeň (independent researcher, policy analyst, consultant and evaluator) and Oľga Gyárfášová (Comenius University in Bratislava) Previous general election in Slovakia took place on February 29, 2020. While there is no formal reason to celebrate the recent anniversary, the glance on how the party scene changes during that one year of the “Corona governance”
- [An "electoral Valentine": the 2021 legislative elections in Kosovo](https://whogoverns.eu/an-electoral-valentine-the-2021-legislative-elections-in-kosovo/) - By Kaltrina Beqiri (Independent scholar, graduated at the University of Prishtina) Only sixteen months after his last electoral success, former Prime Minister Albin Kurti has managed to lead his party, Self-determination Movement (LVV), to an even greater success. The context After the fall of Kurti’s government in March 2020, his junior coalition partner was able
- [Venice Commission Delegation (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-delegation-georgia/) - OSCE/ODIHR representative in the Venice Commission delegation to examine Georgia's legislative changes to the Electoral and Party Laws.
- [Mario Draghi in the "Promised land" of populism (and technocracy)](https://whogoverns.eu/3863-2/) - By Gianluca Piccolino (University of Trieste) and Leonardo Puleo (Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies) It is still unclear whether Mario Draghi will lead the next Italian government. The attempts to form another government led by Giuseppe Conte failed for the same reasons which led to the collapse of his second cabinet, namely the resoluteness of
- [Coalition talks in Ireland: the never-ending story?](https://whogoverns.eu/coalition-talks-in-ireland-the-never-ending-story/) - By Mary Brennan (University College Dublin) Ireland has a bicameral parliamentary system, with the lower house of parliament, Dáil Eireann comprising of 160 TDs (Teachta Dála or members of parliament) including that of the normally non-voting Ceann Comhairle (Chair of Dail / similar to the position of Speaker in the UK parliament), thereby the formation
- [Interview in "EVN Report"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-evn-report/) - Podcast (with MP Hamazasp Danielyan) on the benefits of public party funding
- [International Conference (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-mongolia-2/) - Presentation on "Public Funding of Political Parties: What Is It Good For?" at the International Conference held by the National University of Mongolia (Ulaanbaator).
- [International Workshop (Czechia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-czechia/) - Presentation at the International Workshop held at the University of Prague organised in commemoration of Kitschelt et al.'s (1999) seminal book.
- [ECPR/ODIHR Winter School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-odihr-winter-school-poland-2/) - Co-director at the 3th European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Winter School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw.
- [Presentation in Georgia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-georgia/)
- [Article in "EVN Report"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-evn-report-2/) - Article on the perils of direct presidential elections.
- [Protest, abstention and unpredictability: Romanian elections at the time of COVID](https://whogoverns.eu/protest-abstention-and-unpredictability-romanian-elections-at-the-time-of-covid/) - By Mihail Chiru (University of Oxford) The elections held this weekend produced the lowest turnout in Romania’s history: 33.3% and a number of outcomes which were not predicted by the opinion polls. This was supposed to be an election which would swiftly confirm the rule of the National Liberal Party (PNL, member of EPP) and
- [Seminar in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-spain-4/) - Seminar lecture at the Department of Political Sciences and Public Administration of the University of Valencia on "The Illness of Representative Democracy: Is There a Cure?"
- [Workshop in Czechia](https://whogoverns.eu/prague/) - Keynote speech on "Party System Closure: Party Alliances, Government Alternatives, and Democracy in Europe." at the Early Career Research Workshop "Revisiting Linkages between Citizens and Politicians in Contemporary Europe" in the University of Prague (Czechia).
- [Presentation in US](https://whogoverns.eu/detroit/) - Presentation of "The Volatility of Volatility" article and "Splitting the Difference" paper, together with Dr Kevin Keegan-Krause, at Wayne State University (Detroit, USA).
- [Fieldwork in Ukraine](https://whogoverns.eu/fielwork-in-ukraine/) - Research at the library of the National University of “Kiev-Mohyla Academy” in Kiev.
- [FES Report](https://whogoverns.eu/fes-report/) - Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES) Report on "Public Funding of Political Parties: What Is It Good For?". --
- [Presentation in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-armenia/) - Presentation on "Public Funding of Political Parties: International Standards" as Friedrich Ebert Stiftung's (FES) expert (Yerevan, Armenia)
- [Contested: Georgia Elections Reveal Deeper Struggle with Democracy](https://whogoverns.eu/contested-georgia-elections-reveal-deeper-struggle-with-democracy/) - By Joseph Alexander Smith (Independent researcher and former political candidate) Georgia’s fractious parliamentary elections will be hailed as a milestone by some, but they also reveal a deeply troubled society that is struggling to stay on the narrow path of peaceful democratic transition. Preliminary results are in Preliminary results in Georgia’s parliamentary elections give the
- [Committee Hearing (Strasbourg)](https://whogoverns.eu/committee-hearing-strasbourg/) - Talking about the regulation of foreign donations to political parties and electoral campaigns and how it could be improved at the Committee of Political Affairs and Democracy of the Council of Europe.
- [Seminar in Bolivia](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-bolivia/) - Online seminar for "Ruta de la Democracia" (civil society organisation) and the Bolivian Political Science Association.
- [Montenegrin 2020 elections: on a new path with uncertain destination](https://whogoverns.eu/montenegrin-2020-elections-on-a-new-path-with-uncertain-destination/) - By Nemanja Batrićević (University of Montenegro) On 30th of August 2020, Montenegro held its fifth and the most polarizing election since the Referendum in May of 2006. With pre-election polling data showing the predominant Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) at the ‘historical minimum’ (ranging from 35% to 40%), the opposition, organized around three ideologically congruent
- [OSCE/ODIHR Seminar (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/osceodihr-seminar-spain/) - Moderator at the Roundtable with Party Representatives on the “The Potential for Political Finance Reform in Spain” (Valencia) Speakers: Juan Vicente Perez Aras (PP), Vice-Chairman of the Committee for the Improvement of Democracy, Fight against Corruption, and Legal and Institutional Reform of the Congress of Deputies Artemi Rallo Lambaste (PSOE), Member of the Committee for
- [ECPR/ODIHR Summer School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-odihr-summer-school-poland-3/) - Co-director at the 3rd European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw.
- [The 2020 parliamentary elections in North Macedonia: death race or dead rising?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2020-parliamentary-elections-in-north-macedonia-death-race-or-dead-rising/) - By Liljana Pecova Ilieska (IMPETUS: Center for Internet, Development and Good Governance) In North Macedonia parliamentary elections took place between 13th and 15th July: voting of the Covid-19 patients and those in self-isolation starting on Monday, the sick, weak and convicted people voted on Tuesday, while Wednesday, for all other citizens, 15th of April was
- [Croatia'2020: An Unexpectedly Smooth Victory for the Incumbent](https://whogoverns.eu/croatia2020-an-unexpectedly-smooth-victory-for-the-incumbent/) - By Antonio Karlović (University of Zagreb) The governing center-right HDZ, led by incumbent PM Andrej Plenković, achieved a landslide victory in Sunday’s parliamentary elections in Croatia which will enable them to almost single-handedly form a stable government. A rush to the polls While most countries were postponing or even canceling elections because of the COVID-19
- [Serbian parliamentary elections 2020: SNS is here to stay](https://whogoverns.eu/3588-2/) - By Irena Djordjević (Universities of Aveiro and Beira Interior) On Sunday night, 21st of June, there was no unexpected news: Ruling center-right Serbian Progressive Party (SNS) party won the parliamentary, provincial and local elections in Serbia. What should be surprising is that in “parliamentary democracy with competitive multiparty elections” such as Serbia according to Freedom
- [TV interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-spain/) - Interview on the pandemic situation in the United Kingdom.
- [Kosovo has a new government: again!](https://whogoverns.eu/kosovo-has-a-new-government-again/) - By Kaltrina Beqiri (Independent scholar, graduated at the University of Prishtina) The Pandemic of Covid-19 changed a lot for a lot of people around the world, for Kosovo it changed its government! The wind of change which was felt after the last elections in October 2019, did not last long. On 3rd February 2020, roughly
- [Online course (Taiwan)](https://whogoverns.eu/online-course-taiwan/) - Course on "Party Political and Democracy" at the National Taiwan University (NTU) in Taipei
- [Visegrad School of Politics (Warsaw)](https://whogoverns.eu/vicegeral-school-of-politics-warsaw/) - Talk about the "Crisis of Representative Democracy and the Rise of Anti-establishment Parties" at the "United 4 Change" Programme of the Visegrad School of Politics
- [Janša's third government in Slovenia](https://whogoverns.eu/jansas-third-government-in-slovenia/) - By Alenka Krašovec (University of Ljubljana) At the start of 2020 Slovenia seemed to face a new period of unstable government, an ongoing feature of the last decade. After the parliamentary elections in 2018, in September a coalition government of five parties was formed by Marjan Šarec, yet another political newcomer (after Zoran Janković, Alenka
- [An unnatural marriage: the new coalition government in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/an-unnatural-marriage-the-new-coalition-government-in-moldova/) - By Marina Gorbatiuc (Institute of Legal, Political and Sociological Research, Chisinau) In spite of the “Red Code” declaration and 23 infected persons on March 16th, 2020 a new Coalition government was created in Moldova. We can highlight three reasons of its forming: 1. The Coalition was established responding to President Igor Dodon’ interests, especially in
- [Venice Commission Delegation (Armenia)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-delegation-armenia/) - OSCE/ODIHR representative in the Venice Commission delegation to examine Armenia's new Party Law.
- [An earthquake with unclear consequences: the 2020 general election in Slovakia.](https://whogoverns.eu/an-earthquake-with-unclear-consequences-the-2020-general-election-in-slovakia/) - By Peter Spac (Masaryk University) The 2020 general election in Slovakia was a massive victory of the opposition. The leftist party SMER that dominated Slovak politics for almost two decades failed to win its first general elections since 2006. The election showed two outcomes. First, it indicates a substantial change in the course of the
- [Sinn Féin, the  third force in Irish politics](https://whogoverns.eu/3503-2/) - By Brigit Laffan (European University Institute) The Irish General Election 2020 was not an earthquake election but represents a major shift in Irish party politics. Fianna Fáil (FF) for long the dominant party in Irish politics lost its cartel status in 2011 following the financial crash and the arrival of the Troika. The outcome of
- [ECPR/ODIHR Winter School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/3494-2/) - Co-director at the 2nd European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Winter School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Newspaper Interview](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview/) - Interview for The Facto Gazette (Mongolia). [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Radio Interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-spain-3/) - Interview on the new Spanish coalition government.
- [Radio interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-spain-2/) - Interview on the November 2019 Spanish parliamentary elections.
- [TV Interview (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-mongolia-3/) - Interview in "DeFacto Talk", at VTV (Mongolian Television) Politics Show. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [Workshop in Ukraine](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-ukraine-2/) - Workshop on "Party Regulation in the Post-Soviet Space" at the Eastern European Centre for Multiparty Democracy (EECMD) in Kiev (Ukraine).
- [PhD. Thesis Committee (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/phd-thesis-committee-uk/) - Member of a PhD. Thesis Committee, together with Prof. Nicole Bolleyer (Exeter University), at King's Colleague London (KCL). The PhD. Thesis, titled "Intra-Party Democracy and Internal Power: A Comparative Study of Italian Political Parties", was successfully defended by Annalisa Capellini.
- [Foreign Affairs Committee Evidence (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/foreign-affairs-committee/) - Written evidence of my WFD Report on "Party Finance Regulation in Africa" published at the Foreign Affairs Committee of the House of Commons (London, UK).
- [International Conference (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-mongolia/) - Presenting Oversight of party funding guidelines and best practices at International Conference (Ulan Bator).
- [Consultative work in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/consultative-work-in-mongolia-2/) - Advising governing party's (MPP) Women Caucus on how to achieve gender equality and increase the participation of women in politics (Ulan Bator, Mongolia).
- [Seminar in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-mongolia/) - Lecture and seminar for MA and PhD. students, respectively, at the National Mongolian University (Ulan Bator).
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mongolia-2/) - Presenting the OSCE/ODIHR "Opinion on the Draft Law on Political Parties in Mongolia" and "Registration, Funding and Oversight: Best Practices" Report to the Standing Committee on State Structure (Gran Hural) and the General Electoral Commission-GEC (Ulan Bator, Mongolia).
- [Public discussion (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/public-discussion-ukraine/) - Public discussion “Lessons Learned from the 2019 Elections: Assessing the Role of Money in Ukrainian Politics” (Kharkov, Ukraine) with the following speakers: • Elissavet Karagiannidou (OSCE/ODIHR Elections Adviser) • Fernando Casal Bertoa (University of Nottingham) • Magnus Ohman (IFES) • Kateryna Minkina (OPORA) • Ruslan Zernytskyi (CHESNO)
- [ODIHR Academic Conference (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/odihr-academic-conference-ukraine/) - Lecture at the OSCE/ODIHR Academic conference on “The Role of Money in Ukrainian Politics and Elections” (Kharkiv, Ukraine).
- [Article in "Faro de Vigo"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-faro-de-vigo/) - An analysis on the November 2019 parliamentary elections in Spain.
- [Spanish 10 N Elections: was it worth it?](https://whogoverns.eu/spanish-10-n-elections-was-it-worth-it/) - By Patricia Correa Vila (Aston University) Spanish citizens faced yesterday the fourth general election in the past four years yet again the chances of having a new government are still not fully clear. There is no clear majority at either side of the ideological spectrum, and although some parties have already established clear preferences for
- [Newspaper interview (Cyprus)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-cyprus-2/) - Interview on the November 2019 Spanish parliamentary elections.
- [Newspaper interview (Cyprus)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-cyprus/) - Interview on the April 2019 Spanish parliamentary elections.
- [Seminar in Italy](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-italy-2/) - Seminar lecture at the Italian Centre for Electoral Studies (CISE) of the LUISS University in Rome.
- [Seminar in Portugal](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-portugal/) - Seminar lecture at the Institute of Political Sciences (ICS) of the University of Lisbon in Lisbon.
- [Seminar in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/2564-2/) - Seminar lecture at the Institute of Juridical Investigaciones (IIJ) of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City on "The Crisis of European Party Systems".
- [Switzerland: Expected green wave turned into tsunami](https://whogoverns.eu/switzerland-expected-green-wave-turned-into-tsunami/) - By Lukas Lauener (University of Lausanne / Swiss Centre of Expertise in the Social Sciences-FORS) On 20 October, 5.3 million voters were called to the urns to elect the new Swiss Parliament for its 51th legislative period. The left-wing Green Party and the centrist Green Liberal Party got out as clear winners of the federal
- [Presentation in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-armenia-2/) - Presentation of International Best Practices on "Registration, Funding and Oversight" in Europe at the Armenian parliament (Yerevan).
- [Consultative work in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/consultative-work-in-mongolia/) - Advising as main OSCE/ODIHR representative on party regulation in Mongolia (Ulan Bator, Mongolia).
- [Poland: Ruling party wins the Sejm but loses the Senat](https://whogoverns.eu/poland-ruling-party-wins-the-sejm-but-loses-the-senat/) - By Aleksandra Sojka (University Carlos III) On October 13th the domination of Polish politics by the ruling party of Law and Justice (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość - PiS) was put to the electoral test as Poles were casting a deciding vote on the desired future path for the country. The main choice was whether the right-wing
- [Workshop in Ukraine](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-ukraine/) - Workshop on "Party Regulation in the Post-Soviet Space" at the Eastern European Centre for Multiparty Democracy (EECMD) in Kiev (Ukraine).
- [Kosovo elections 2019: Predicting the unpredictable!](https://whogoverns.eu/kosovo-elections-2019-predicting-the-unpredictable/) - By Kaltrina Beqiri (Independent scholar, graduated at the University of Prishtina) During last Sunday’s snap elections, 43, 20% of Kosovo’s citizens came out and voted to form the 7th legislature of the Republic Kosovo. Snap elections came as a result of the resignation of Prime Minister Haradinaj, who in July of this year, resigned from
- [The 2019 Portuguese legislative election: A comfortable victory for the social democrats](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2019-portuguese-legislative-election-a-comfortable-victory-for-the-social-democrats/) - By Pedro Lourenço (University of Aveiro) The results Last week, The Guardian portrayed Portugal as “Europe’s beacon of social democracy”. According to the newspaper, “while populist parties have erupted at both ends of the political spectrum elsewhere across the continent, Portugal has proved an enduring, if improbable, beacon of social democracy”. The results of yesterday’s
- [Austria's snap elections produced an expected winner and yet changed everything](https://whogoverns.eu/austrias-snap-elections-produced-an-expected-winner-and-yet-changed-everything/) - By Marcelo Jenny (University of Innsbruck) For months polls predicted first place in the Austrian parliamentary elections on 29 September for the christian-democratic People's Party (ÖVP). The polls were right in that regard, but the ÖVP victory was bigger than expected and results of other parties so drastically altered that the country's political landscape transformed.
- [Consultative work in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/consultative-work-in-armenia/) - Advising on party finance regulation at the Armenian parliament (Yerevan, Armenia).
- [Presentation in Georgia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-georgia-3/) - Presentation on "Money in Politics: What Do We Know About It?" at Transparency International's (TI) Anti-corruption School (Batumi, Georgia)
- [ECPR General Conference (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-general-conference-poland-2/) - Talking at a featured panel on "Populist Parties and their Impact on Parties and Party Systems" at the 13th European Consortium for Political Research General Conference in Wroclaw. [/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]
- [ECPR General Conference (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-general-conference-poland/) - Presentation at the 13th European Consortium for Political Research General Conference in Wroclaw.
- [APSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/apsa-conference-usa-3/) - Co-authored papers presented at the 115th APSA Annual Conference in Washington.
- [International IDEA Policy Paper (Asia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-idea-report-asia/) - International IDEA Policy Paper on Integrity of Political Finance Systems in Asia - Tackling Political Corruption.
- [WFD Report](https://whogoverns.eu/wfd-report/) - Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD) Report on "Political Finance Regulation in 13 African Countries".
- [Presentation in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mexico/) - Presentation at the UNAM on "Los Peligros de las Elecciones Presidenciales para la Institucionalización del Sistema de Partidos" (Mexico City).
- [SOMEE Summer School (Mexico)](https://whogoverns.eu/somee-summer-school-mexico/) - Co-director at the 1st Mexican Society of Electoral Studies (SOMEE) on “Political Parties” in Mexico City.
- [Presentation in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-spain/) - Presentation at the FAES-UCM Summer School on "Crisis democrática y ola populista: ¿hay algún remedio?" (El Escorial, Spain).
- [OSCE/ODIHR visit to Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-visit-to-armenia/) - Part of the OSCE/ODIHR delegation to improve party legislation in Armenia.
- [2019 Greek elections: Hope or caution?](https://whogoverns.eu/2019-greek-elections-hope-or-caution/) - By Daphne Halikiopoulou (University of Reading) Last Sunday’s Greek elections made international headlines as the ‘good news story in Europe’, generating much interest in a so-called ‘end of populism’. The most discussed outcome of this election is the victory of the centre-right New Democracy party with 39.85 of the vote, which translated into a comfortable
- [Article in "EVN Report"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-evn-report/) - Article on the forthcoming Armenian parliamentary elections (April, 2nd 2017).
- [Presentation in Ukraine](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-ukraine/) - Presentation on "Money in Politics" at the Ukrainian School of Political Studies (Odessa).
- [The Fall of the Far Right? The 2019 Danish general election](https://whogoverns.eu/the-fall-of-the-far-right-the-2019-danish-general-election/) - By David M. Willumsen (University of Innsbruck) Since (at least) 2001, the question of immigration has been a key issue in Danish politics, with the Danish People’s Party (DPP) being successful in shifting public policy on this topic significantly to the right, and helping keep the center-right in power for all but four years in
- [Presentation in South Africa](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-south-africa/) - Presentation of the "Political Finance Regulation in 13 African Countries" WFD Report at the Meeting of Centre-right African parties in Johannesburg (South Africa)
- [Presentation in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-uk-2/) - Presentation of the "Political Finance Regulation in 13 African Countries" WFD Report at the House of Commons in London
- [Bye bye Belgium ? The 2019 regional and federal elections in Belgium](https://whogoverns.eu/bye-bye-belgium-the-2019-regional-and-federal-elections-in-belgium/) - By Régis Dandoy (Ghent University) On 26 May 2019, more than eight million Belgians went to the polling stations to elect their representatives for the European, federal, regional and community parliaments. These elections were designated by the media as ‘the mother of all elections’ and are not only crucial for the management of the country
- [International Workshop (Germany)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-workshop-germany/) - Co-director of the International Workshop on “Parties and Democracy” in Lüneburg.
- [CES Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/ces-conference-usa/) - Presentation at the 21st Council for European Studies Annual Conference in Washington.
- [MPSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/mpsa-conference-usa/) - Participation at the 72nd Midwest Political Studies Association Annual Conference in Chicago.
- [SNES Conference (Belgium)](https://whogoverns.eu/snes-conference-belgium/) - Presentation at the Swedish Network for European Studies in Political Science Spring Conference in Brussels.
- [ECPR Joint Sessions (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-joint-sessions-spain/) - Presentation at the 42nd European Consortium for Political Research Joint Sessions of Workshops in Salamanca.
- [Proscribing Democracy? Party Proscription, Militant Democracy and Party System Institutionalisation](https://whogoverns.eu/proscribing-democracy-party-proscription-militant-democracy-and-party-system-institutionalisation/) - (with Angela K. Bourne), presented at the 42nd ECPR Joint Sessions of Workshops in Salamanca.
- [PSA Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/psa-conference-uk/) - Presentation at the 64th Annual Conference of the Political Studies Association in Manchester.
- [ASEEES-CESS Conference (Kazakhstan)](https://whogoverns.eu/aseees-cess-conference-kazakhstan/) - Presentation at the ASEEES-CESS Joint Regional Conference in Astana.
- [Trying to Get it Right at Last! Sources of Party System Institutionalization in the Black Sea Region](https://whogoverns.eu/trying-to-get-it-right-at-last-sources-of-party-system-institutionalization-in-the-black-sea-region/) - Presented at the ASEEES-CESS Joint Regional Conference at Nazarbayev University .
- [Summer School (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/summer-school-ukraine/) - Lecture at the Summer School on “Internal Democracy within Parties and Citizens Movements” in Kiev.
- [Newspaper interview (Argentina)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-argentina/) - Interview on "Why is so Difficult for Post-communist Countries to Become Democratic?", a digital (INFOBAE) Argentinian newspaper
- [Does Institutionalization Still Matter? On the Sources of Democratic Survival/Collapse in Europe since 1848](https://whogoverns.eu/does-institutionalization-still-matter-on-the-sources-of-democratic-survivalcollapse-in-europe-since-1848/) - Presented at the EPSA Conference in Edinburgh.
- [EPSA Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/epsa-conference-uk/) - Presenting at the 4th European Political Science Association Annual Conference in Edinburgh.
- [2nd OSCE/ODHIR Political Party Experts Workshop (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/osceodhir-political-party-expert-seminar-poland/) - Session on the “Separation between the State and Political Parties” (Warsaw) Introducer: Lisa Klein, Former Director of Party and Election Finance at the Electoral Commission (United Kingdom) Speakers: Dr. Magnus Ohman, Senior Political Finance Advisor (IFES), on the “Abuse of State Resources” Dr. Alexander Kyniev, Member of ODIHR Core Group of Experts on Political Parties,
- [ECPR Graduate Conference (Austria)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-graduate-conference-austria/) - Participation in a Roundtable on “Being on the Academic Job Market” at the 5th European Consortium for Political Research Graduate Student Conference (Innsbruck). Chair: Dr. Ekaterina Rashkova-Gerbrands (University of Innsbruck) Speakers: Prof. Simona Piattoni (University of Trento and ECPR President), Dr. Annegret Eppler (University of Innsbruk) and Dr. Fernando Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham)
- [IPSA Congress (Canada)](https://whogoverns.eu/ipsa-congress-canada/) - Presentation at the 23rd World Congress of the International Political Science Association in Montreal.
- [Does the Type of Regime Matter? On the Perils of Presidential Elections for Party System Institutionalization in Europe](https://whogoverns.eu/does-the-type-of-regime-matter-on-the-perils-of-presidential-elections-for-party-system-institutionalization-in-europe/) - Presented at the 23rd World Congress of the International Political Science Association in Montreal.
- ["Ballots and Bullets" blog](https://whogoverns.eu/ballots-and-bullets-blog/) - Post on the limited effects of party finance regulation when trying to reduce party corruption, published on the blog of School of Politics & IR at the University of Nottingham.
- [ECPR General Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-general-conference-uk/) - Presentation at the 8th European Consortium for Political Research General Conference in Glasgow.
- [Seismic Wave or Tsunami? Assessing Party System Change in Times of Crisis](https://whogoverns.eu/seismic-wave-or-tsunami-assessing-party-system-change-in-times-of-crisis/) - Presented at the ECPR General Conference in Glasgow.
- [ECPR Summer School (Germany)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-summer-school-germany/) - Lecture at the 24th European Consortium for Political Research PhD Summer School on “Political Parties and Party Systems” in Lüneburg.
- [OPPR Workshop (Italy)](https://whogoverns.eu/oppr-workshop-italy/) - Presentation at the Observatory on Political Parties and Representation Workshop on “Parties and Democracy in Post-communist Europe” in Florence
- [Elite and Mass Dynamics: the East Central European Example](https://whogoverns.eu/elite-and-mass-dynamics-the-east-central-european-example/) - (with Zsolt Enyedi), presented at the OPPR Workshop on “Parties and Democracy in Post-communist Europe” in Florence.
- [Visiting Lecture (Moldova)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-in-moldova/) - Lecture at the Academy of Public Administration (Chisinau) on the "(Non-)effects of Party Finance Regulation on Political Corruption".
- [WELCOME to the Blog of the PSGo!](https://whogoverns.eu/589/) - Here you will find the opinions of country experts on the process of cabinet formation and termination in different European democracies. If you have ever wondered how government coalitions are formed, what the negotiation process looks like, or what the pros and cons of a certain cabinet are, then this site is for you. The
- [The new old cabinet in Latvia](https://whogoverns.eu/blog-new/) - By Jānis Ikstens, University of Latvia
- [Mission impossible in Bulgaria](https://whogoverns.eu/mission-impossible-in-bulgaria/) - By Maria Spirova (Leiden University) and Emilia Zankina (American University in Bulgaria)
- [Visiting Lecture in Montenegro](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-in-montenegro/) - Lecture at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Montenegro on "Presidential elections or not? On the Perils of Semi-presidentialism for Party System Stability"
- [Ukraine: “The Best Government It Has Ever Had?”](https://whogoverns.eu/ukraine-the-best-government-it-has-ever-had/) - By Andriy Meleshevych (National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy)
- [Visiting Lecture in Croatia](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-in-croatia/) - Lecture at the University of Zagreb organised by the Faculty of Political Science and the NGO "GONG" on "Party Finance Regulation and Corruption in Europe and Latin America"
- [Stability in the shadow of chaos?](https://whogoverns.eu/stability-in-the-shadow-of-chaos/) - By Shqipe Mjekiqi (Trinity College Dublin)
- [New cloth unto an old garment?](https://whogoverns.eu/new-cloth-unto-an-old-garment/) - By Sorina Soare (University of Florence)
- [TV interview (Croatia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-croatia/) - Interview on the meaning of "left and right in contemporary Europe" for "Paralele", a HTV (Croatian Television) Politics Show (begins around the 31st minute).
- ["Ballots and Bullets" blog](https://whogoverns.eu/ballots-and-bullets-blog-2/) - Post on the causes and consequences of party regulation in Europe, published on the blog of School of Politics & IR at the University of Nottingham.
- [International Workshop (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-nottingham/) - Workshop on "Party System Stability and Electoral Volatility: its Measurements and Implications" at the School of Politics and International Relations (University of Nottingham) with the following participants: Ingrid van Biezen (Leiden University), Fernando Casal Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham), Kevin Deegan-Krause (Wayne State University), Cees van der Eijk (University of Nottingham), Carlos Gervasoni (University of Buenos Aires), Tim Haughton
- [A democratic and European stern test for Moldovan political elite](https://whogoverns.eu/a-democratic-and-european-stern-test-for-moldovan-political-elite/) - By Natalia Timuş (Maastricht University)
- [ECPR Joint Sessions (Warsaw)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-joint-sessions-warsaw/) - Presentation at the 43rd European Consortium for Political Research Joint Sessions of Workshops in Warsaw.
- [Brothers in Arms? Party Blocs and Party System Closure](https://whogoverns.eu/brothers-in-arms-party-blocs-and-party-system-closure/) - (with Zsolt Enyedi), presented at the ECPR Joint Sessions in Warsaw.
- [Prescribing Democracy? Party Proscription and Party System Stability](https://whogoverns.eu/prescribing-democracy-party-proscription-and-party-system-stability/) - (with Angela K. Bourne), presented at the MPSA Annual Conference in Chicago
- [Visiting Lecture (Italy)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-in-italy/) - Lecture at the European University Institute (Florence) on "Party System Change in Times of Crisis" co-organised by POLCON and the Political Behaviour Colloquium
- [SCOPE Conference (Romania)](https://whogoverns.eu/scope-conference-romania/) - Presentation at the 2nd International Interdisciplinary Conference of Political Research in Bucharest.
- [The surprise election](https://whogoverns.eu/the-surprise-election/) - By Philip Cowley (University of Nottingham) In the early hours of 8 May, during his victory speech at Conservative Campaign Headquarters, David Cameron described the 2015 general election as one where ‘pundits got it wrong, the pollsters got it wrong, the commentators got it wrong’. It was a fair complaint. A couple of months before,
- [The 2015 “valtioneuvosto” and the “three tenors” of Finish politics](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2015-valtioneuvosto-and-the-three-tenors-of-finish-politics/) - By Jan Sundberg (University of Helsinki) According to the procedure it is the biggest party in Parliament election who is given the role to form cabinet. The previous period from the last election in 2011 was a turbulent time. Ministers resigned, Left Wing Alliance left in protest, the Katainen cabinet resigned in June 2014, a
- [Research Seminar (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/research-seminar-uk/) - Lecture at King's College London (KCL) on "Political Parties or Party Systems? Assessing the "Myth" of Institutionalization and Democracy"
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/washington-post-article/) - A brief analysis of the last regional and local elections and the future of the Spanish party system
- [The Danish Single Party Coalition Government](https://whogoverns.eu/the-danish-single-party-coalition-government/) - By Helene Helboe Pedersen (Aarhus University) The result of the Danish national election on June 18 2015 has already been interpreted in several ways as a wake-up call to the urban political elite from the rural areas or as the election with only one winner who did not wanted to win. Up until Election Day
- [UIMP Summer School (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/uimp-summer-school-spain/) - Participation in a Roundtable on "Regulatory Models, Common Problems and Examples to Learn from" at the UIMP Summer School on "Party and Campaign Funding. Other Types of Toxic Fundings" Chair: Dr. Astrid Barrio (University of Valencia) Speakers: Dr. Enrique García Viñuela, Jens-Oscar Nergârd (Norwegian Ministry of Administration, Reform and Church Affairs) and Dr. Fernando Casal
- ["Political Parties, Party Systems and Elections" Research Network](https://whogoverns.eu/political-parties-party-systems-and-elections-research-network/) - Launch of the "Political Parties, Party Systems and Elections" Research Network at the Council for European Studies Annual Conference in Paris.
- [CES Conference (France)](https://whogoverns.eu/ces-conference-france/) - Presentation at the 22nd Council for European Studies Annual Conference in Paris.
- [3rd OSCE/ODHIR Political Party Experts Workshop (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/osceodhir-political-party-expert-workshop-ukraine/) - Keynote Speaker at the Session on the “Public Funding of Political Parties” (Kiev) Speakers: Mr. Sam Van der Staak, The International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), “Public Funding around the World” Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, Nottingham Research Fellow (University of Nottingham), “Playing the Devil's Advocate: Party Funding Regulation and Corruption” Mr. Denys Kovryzhenko,
- [Visiting Lectures (Japan)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lectures-japan/) - Two lectures at the Institute of Political Economy of Waseda University on: 1. "The World Upside Down: On the effects of party finance regulation on partisan corruption” 2. "Should we stay with the classics? On the problems and advantages of measuring electoral volatility"
- [ICCEES Conference (Japan)](https://whogoverns.eu/iccees-conference-japan/) - Presentation at the 9th World Congress of the International Council for Central and Eastern European Studies in Tokyo.
- [“Back to the Future?” Government Formation and Party System Institutionalization in Europe (East and West)](https://whogoverns.eu/back-to-the-future-government-formation-and-party-system-institutionalization-in-europe-east-and-west/) - (with Zsolt Enyedi), presented at the APSA Annual Conference in San Francisco
- ['Who wants to become a Prime minister?' - Moldovan game without democratic rules](https://whogoverns.eu/who-wants-to-become-a-prime-minister-moldovan-game-without-democratic-rules/) - By Natalia Timuş (Maastricht University) The failure of yet another government in the Republic of Moldova, after only five months since its creation, has proven that a minority government is an unrealistic scenario (as predicted before by the author)
- [ECPR Summer School (Germany)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-summer-school-germany-2/) - Lecture (with Prof. Zsolt Enyedi) at the 25th European Consortium for Political Research PhD Summer School on “Political Parties and Party Systems” in Lüneburg.
- [FutureLab Europe Annual Forum (Belgium)](https://whogoverns.eu/futurelab-europe-annual-forum-belgium/) - Presentation at the 2015 FutureLab Europe Annual Forum organised by the European Policy Centre (EPC) in Brussels.
- [Seminar in Belgium](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-brussels/) - Presentation at Centre for the Study of Politics (CEVIPOL) of the Free University of Brussels (ULB) on "How to measure electoral volatility: a new approach"
- [EU Integration Forum (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/eu-integration-forum-uk/) - Session on “Good Governance and Transparency” (Manchester) Rapporteur: Dr. Fernando Casal Bértoa, Nottingham Research Fellow (University of Nottingham)
- [Turkey on its way to snap elections: a political gamble?](https://whogoverns.eu/turkey-on-its-way-to-snap-elections-a-political-gamble/) - By Ilke Toygur (Autonomous University of Madrid) Turkey held parliamentary elections on 7 June 2015. More than 47 million voters were called to the ballot box to elect 550 members of Parliament.
- [2015 Portuguese Legislative Elections: between Stability and Disaffection](https://whogoverns.eu/2015-portuguese-legislative-elections-between-stability-and-disaffection/) - By Luís de Sousa (University of Aveiro) and Fernando Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham) On the morning of the 5th of October 2015, the 115th birthday of the implantation of the Portuguese Republic (5th October 1910), one of the bank holidays that have been eliminated by the centre-right government during the troikian period, the Portuguese
- [EUROPP blog](https://whogoverns.eu/europp-blog/) - Post (co-written with Luís de Sousa) on the 2015 Portuguese parliamentary elections, published on the EUROPP at the London School of Economics.
- [Majoritarian or pluralist democracy for Turkey?](https://whogoverns.eu/majoritarian-or-pluralist-democracy-for-turkey/) - By Ömer Faruk Gençkaya (Marmara University) After an uninterrupted 12-year period of running a majority government, the Justice and Development Party (AKP) faced a real challenge in the latest parliamentary elections on June 7, 2015. The AKP, which lost its primary objectives of democracy, pluralism and accountability, had fallen short to form a majority government
- [Switzerland: A landslide election, which only shifts 4% of the votes](https://whogoverns.eu/switzerland-a-landslide-election-which-only-shifts-4-of-the-votes/) - By Daniel Bochsler (University of Zurich), Marlène Gerber (University of Bern) and David Zumbach (University of Bern) Switzerland has just experienced one of the most stable elections, even by Swiss standards, with net volatility of just over 4% of the votes. The authors explain, why it is still perceived as a landslide victory of the
- [CIVILNET interview](https://whogoverns.eu/civilnet-interview/) - Interview on the 2015 Armenian Constitutional reforms, published by CIVILNET.
- [Article in "The Conversation"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-conversation/) - A brief analysis (with Simona Guerra) of the last parliamentary elections in Poland
- [Book presentation (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-spain/) - Presentation at the Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies (CEPC, Madrid) of "The Essential Work of Peter Mair" with the participation of Prof. Jose Ramon Montero (Autonomous University of Madrid), Dr. Juan Rodriguez Teruel (University of Valencia) and Dr. Pablo Simón (University Carlos III)
- [Book presentation (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation/) - Presentation at the Institute for Political and Social Sciences (IPCS, Barcelona) of "The Essential Work of Peter Mair" with the participation of Emeritus Prof. Isidre Molas (Autonomous University of Barcelona), Dr. Ignacio Lago (Pompeu Fabra University) and Dr. Astrid Barrio (University of Valencia).
- [A Big Surprise! Return to a Single Party Government in Turkey](https://whogoverns.eu/a-big-surprise-return-to-a-single-party-government-in-turkey/) - By Ömer Faruk Gençkaya (Marmara University) The Justice and Development Party (AKP) won a landslide victory at the “renewed” elections of November 1st. This is a big surprise for the AKP itself. All scenarios predicted a coalition or minority government options. Therefore, the AKP announced that another election was also possible. However, shortly before the
- [PhD. Thesis Committee (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/phd-thesis-committee-spain/) - Member of a PhD. Thesis Committee, together with Prof. Joan Botella Corral (UAB) and Prof. Pablo Oñate Rubalcaba (UAV), at the Autonomous University of Barcelona. The PhD. Thesis, titled "Las dinámicas entre niveles de un partido de ámbito estatal en un sistema multinivel. El caso del Partido Popular en 1989-2015", was successfully defended by Patricia
- [Revisiting critical elections: Turkey’s return to single-party rule](https://whogoverns.eu/revisiting-critical-elections-turkeys-return-to-single-party-rule/) - By Ilke Toygur (Autonomous University of Madrid) The November elections were a huge gamble for Turkey: A gamble wagered and won. President Erdoğan and his Justice and Development Party (AKP) put all their cards on the table and in turn got what they wanted: a single party rule. After failing to form a coalition in
- [Presentation in Ecuador](https://whogoverns.eu/1048/) - Presentation at the Seminar on "International Experiences for Political Organisations" organised by the Democratic Agora (IDEA-NIMD) and the Institute of Democracy in Quito
- [Book presentation (Ecuador)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-ecuador/) - Presentation at the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences (FLACSO, Quito) of "The Essential Work of Peter Mair" with the participation of Dr. Simón Pachano (FLACSO).
- [The Left in government again: Principled politicians and pragmatic policies - A lesson on how to square the circle](https://whogoverns.eu/the-left-in-government-again-principled-politicians-and-pragmatic-policies-a-lesson-on-how-to-square-the-circle/) - By Dimitris Sourvanos (London School of Economics) and Kyriaki Nanou (University of Nottingham) Last week Euclid Tsakalotos gave a talk at the LSE discussing from his own experiences – as (the current) finance minister in Greece and as a lifelong Marxist – the difficulties that left-wing parties are faced with when governing under severe constraints.
- [Romania’s new government: the link between technocracy and democracy](https://whogoverns.eu/romanias-new-government-the-link-between-technocracy-and-democracy/) - By Gabriela Borz (University of Strathclyde) On Tuesday the 17th of November, a new technocratic government led by Dacian Cioloş was approved by the Romanian Parliament with 389 votes in favour and 115 against. Invested with a short mandate of one year, it is the third technocratic government Romania has had in the last 25
- [Another shift in Polish politics](https://whogoverns.eu/another-shift-in-polish-politics/) - By Michał Kotnarowski (Polish Academy of Sciences) In mid-2014, a year before presidential and parliamentary elections almost everything looked good for the ruling party PO (Civic Platform), which had been governing the country together with its junior coalition partner PSL (Polish Peasant Party) for seven years. Economic indicators were very good - a continuous increase
- [Article in "The Plot"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-plot/) - A brief analysis on the present and future of Polish politics
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post/) - A brief analysis of the five post-electoral scenarios Spanish political parties will face when trying to form a government
- [Commentator in EUROPP](https://whogoverns.eu/commentator-in-europp/) - Commentator at EUROPP (London School of Economics' Blog) during the coverage of the 2015 Spanish legislative elections.
- [Routledge Book Series Co-editor](https://whogoverns.eu/rutledge-book-series-co-editor/) - Co-editor (with Ingrid van Biezen) of the Routledge Book Series on Political Parties and Party Systems
- [(Summary) article in "The Conversation"](https://whogoverns.eu/summary-article-on-the-conversation/) - A summary analysis (with Simona Guerra) of the last Polish parliamentary elections (25 October 2015)
- [Roundtable in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-spain/) - Speaker at the Roundtable on “Parties and Mobilisation” (Madrid) Speakers: Prof. Gianfranco Pasquino, University of Bologna (Emeritus) Prof. Francisco José Llera, University of the Basque Country Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, Nottingham Research Fellow (University of Nottingham) Moderator: Dr. Javier Redondo Rodelas, University Carlos III
- [Macedonia's New Cabinet: Resolving or reinforcing the political crisis?](https://whogoverns.eu/macedonias-new-cabinet-resolving-or-reinforcing-the-political-crisis/) - By Dane Taleski (University of Graz) On January 15, EU Commissioner Johannes Hahn came to Macedonia to seal the deal on the agreement paving the way out of the crisis via early elections in April 2016. However, the main opposition party, SDSM, objected to the elections, expressing doubt that conditions are sufficient for them to
- [Article in "The Conversation"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-conversation-2/) - A brief analysis (with Simona Guerra) of the EP debate on the Polish constitutional crisis
- [Moldova’s New Cabinet: a hope to overcome the political crisis in 2016?](https://whogoverns.eu/moldovas-new-cabinet-a-hope-to-overcome-the-political-crisis-in-2016/) - By Vladislav Șaran (Institute of Legal and Political Research of Academy of Sciences of Moldova) The end of political year of 2015 has proven to be a play with sad ending for the Republic of Moldova. Valeriu Strelet’s government fell after less than 100 days in office. The motion was backed by 65 deputies (out
- [Everyone Defeated in an Electoral Lottery?  The Slovak Parliamentary Elections in March 2016](https://whogoverns.eu/everyone-defeated-in-an-electoral-lottery-the-slovak-parliamentary-elections-in-march-2016/) - By Peter Učeň (Policy Analyst) The recent parliamentary elections in Slovakia took place after the full term of the single-party government by the nominally social democratic Direction - Social Democracy (Smer-SD) party. The legacy of this government as well as the pre-election polls suggested that Smer-SD will defend their dominance with the score somewhere in
- [Turn left and go straight to the right: twists and turns in a government formation thriller in Croatia](https://whogoverns.eu/turn-left-and-go-straight-to-the-right-twists-and-turns-in-a-government-formation-thriller-in-croatia/) - By Dario Nikić Čakar (University of Zagreb) The result of the 2015 parliamentary election, held on 8 November, has shaped a new political landscape in Croatia. A fierce electoral competition did not produce a clear-cut winner between the governing left-wing coalition Croatia is Growing led by the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the broad right-wing
- [Latvia’s New-Old Government](https://whogoverns.eu/latvias-new-old-government/) - By Daunis Auers (University of Latvia) The last few years have seen parts of East-Central Europe turn to the populist right. Viktor Orban’s Fidesz party won the 2010 and 2014 parliamentary elections with landslide majorities. Poland’s Law and Justice party has held the presidency and controlled both houses of parliament since October 2015. This has
- [Book presentation (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-spain-2/) - Presentation at the Andalusian Centre of Culture (CAL, Malaga) of "The Essential Work of Peter Mair" with the participation of Prof. Ángel Valencia (University of Malaga), Dr. Manuel Arias Maldonado (University of Malaga) and Enrique Benítez Palma (economist and former regional deputy).
- [Interview in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-el-correo-gallego/) - Talking about Spanish politics in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Book presentation (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-philadelphia/) - Presentation at the Council for European Studies Annual Conference (Philadelphia) of "Party Politics and Democracy: Essays in Honour of Peter Mair" with the participation of Prof. Richard Katz (John Hopkins University), Dr. Cas Mudde (The University of Georgia) and Dr. Tim Haughton (University of Birmingham).
- [CES Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/ces-conference-usa-2/) - Presentation at the 23rd Council for European Studies Annual Conference in Philadelphia.
- [Young or new? A temporal Approach to the Institutionalization of European Party Systems](https://whogoverns.eu/young-or-new-a-temporal-approach-to-the-institutionalization-of-european-party-systems/) - (with Zsolt Enyedi), presented at the CES Annual Conference in Philadelphia
- [Workshop in Germany](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-germany/) - Presentation at the "Leaders, Candidates. Activists. The Dynamics of Party Organisation" Workshop (Bamberg University).
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post-2/) - A brief analysis of the reasons why early parliamentary elections are so frequent in Serbia.
- [ECPR Joint Sessions (Italy)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-joint-sessions-italy/) - Presentation at the 44th European Consortium for Political Research Joint Sessions of Workshops in Pisa.
- [Seminar in Italy](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-italy/) - Seminar lecture at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Florence on "How to Measure Volatility: a New Approach"
- [Early Parliamentary Elections in Serbia: More of the Same](https://whogoverns.eu/early-parliamentary-elections-in-serbia-more-of-the-same/) - By David Pupovac (Central European University Alumni) The background of the election On April 24th, 2016 yet another early parliamentary election took place in Serbia. The ruling coalition, led by Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić from the Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), called for an early election in order address the social conflict which blocks the reforms
- [Government formation in Ireland: putting water charges on ice](https://whogoverns.eu/government-formation-in-ireland-putting-water-charges-on-ice/) - By Conor Little (University of Copenhagen) The elections Ten weeks after the general election of 26 February, after the longest government formation process in its history, Ireland has a minority coalition government of Fine Gael – which, under Prime Minister (Taoiseach) Enda Kenny, has been the main incumbent since 2011 – and several non-party (‘Independent’)
- [Interview in "Tempos Novos"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-tempos-novos/) - Talking about Spanish and European politics in one of Galicia's leading quarterly magazines.
- [Inter-parliamentary Conference (Belgium)](https://whogoverns.eu/inter-parliamentary-conference-belgium/) - Presentation at the "Interaction of Political Groups, Parties and Government in the EU Accession Process" Inter-parliamentary Conference at the European Parliament (Brussels) on the "Role for the Political Families in the Parliamentary Dynamics".
- [Did finally the crisis have an impact on Cypriot politics? Α note on the Cypriot parliamentary elections of 22 May 2016](https://whogoverns.eu/did-finally-the-crisis-have-an-impact-on-cypriot-politics-α-note-on-the-cypriot-parliamentary-elections-of-22-may-2016/) - By Giorgos Charalambous (University of Cyprus and PRIO Cyprus Centre) It has been repeatedly observed how little Cypriot politics has changed since the onset of the post-2008 crisis in relation to the rest of southern Europe, in spite of a growing dissatisfaction with democracy and a rapidly decreasing sense of trust. But the parliamentary elections
- [Conference in Hungary](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-in-hungary/) - Presentation at the 22nd Hungarian Political Science Association (HPSA) Annual Conference in Esztergom.
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post-3/) - A brief historical analysis of repeated elections in Europe and the implications for the Spanish case.
- [Radio interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-spain/) - Interview on "the consequences of Brexit" for "Boulevard Magazine", a EiTB (Basque Radio) Show.
- [Seminar in The Netherlands](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-the-netherlands/) - Presentation at the Department of Political Science at Leiden University on "The ‘Myth’ of Institutionalization and Democracy"
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post-4/) - An analysis on the 26th June parliamentary elections in Spain
- [ECPR Research Sessions (The Netherlands)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-research-sessions-the-netherlands/) - Participation at the 6th ECPR Research Sessions at the Radboud University of Nijmegen on "The Evolution of Party Systems: A Global Perspective"
- [4th OSCE/ODHIR Political Party Experts Workshop (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/3rd-osceodhir-political-party-experts-workshop-ukraine/) - Moderator at the Session on the “Public funding to Political Parties and the newly introduced system in Ukraine” (Kiev) Speakers: Nataliia Korchak, Head of the National Agency for Prevention of Corruption Nataliia Vadimova, Head of Division of Control over Use of Funds, Central Election Commission of Ukraine Prof. Daniel Smilov, Associate Professor at the Political
- [The Reformed Ukrainian Party Law (2015): A Comparative Analysis](https://whogoverns.eu/the-reformed-ukrainian-party-law-2015-a-comparative-analysis/) - Critical analysis of the latest reform to the Ukrainian Party Law (2015) for OSCE/ODIHR and presented at the 4th Political Party Experts Workshop in Kiev (6-7 July 2016)
- [A Pre-Programmed Suicide of a Government: The Fall of the Orešković Cabinet and Early Elections in Croatia](https://whogoverns.eu/a-pre-programmed-suicide-of-a-government-the-fall-of-the-oreskovic-cabinet-and-early-elections-in-croatia/) - By Višeslav Raos (University of Zagreb) After the November elections for the Croatian Parliament produced no clear winner, a newcomer party Bridge of Independent Lists (MOST) became a pivot party. This party, actually a loose, ideologically heterogeneous coalition of independent mayors and local citizen initiatives with a joint mission of toppling down the existing political
- [Seminar in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/1370-2/) - Seminar lecture at the College of Humanities and Social Sciences of the American University in Yerevan on "Party System Development under Armenia’s New Constitution: Comparative Perspectives"
- [TV interview (Armenia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-armenia/) - Interview on the evolution of the "Armenian party system after constitutional reform" for "Civilnet" (Armenian TV station).
- [IPSA World Congress (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ipsa-world-congress-poland/) - Presentation at the 24th World Congress of Political Science in Poznań.
- [May the Force Be With You: Britain’s New Government](https://whogoverns.eu/may-the-force-be-with-you-britains-new-government/) - By Tim Haughton (University of Birmingham) For once the journalistic clichés were not over the top. The 23 June referendum on Britain’s membership of the European Union was a seismic event, an earthquake which brought a dose of destruction to the British political scene: the Prime Minister resigned, allies knifed each other in the Conservative
- [Montenegrin 2016 Parliamentary elections: Same ol’… same ol’](https://whogoverns.eu/montenegrin-2016-parliamentary-elections-same-ol-same-ol/) - By Olivera Komar (University of Montenegro) The next Montenegrin Parliamentary elections have been scheduled for October 16th. However, as it looks right now – they will bring no significant surprises. Quarter of century long incumbency of Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) will most probably continue without any significant challenges. It did not look that way
- [Early elections, formation of the government  and impact of the upcoming presidential elections](https://whogoverns.eu/early-elections-formation-of-the-government-and-impact-of-the-upcoming-presidential-elections/) - By Boban Stojanović (University of Belgrade) In April, Serbia held early parliamentary elections, the third in the last four years. After early elections in 2014, early parliamentary elections were also held in 2016 (April 24) together with the local elections. Serbian Prime Minister Aleksandar Vučić has decided to go to early elections, with two objectives:
- [Does the Polish Peasant Party have a future?](https://whogoverns.eu/does-the-polish-peasant-party-have-a-future/) - By Aleks Szczerbiak (University of Sussex) Following its severe battering in last year’s elections, Poland’s agrarian party faces an existential struggle to hang on to what is left of its electorate. Although it retains considerable assets and is still the greatest potential electoral threat to the ruling party in rural areas, it cannot simply rely
- [How many parties are in Spain’s lower chamber?](https://whogoverns.eu/how-many-parties-are-in-spains-lower-chamber/) - By Oscar Barberà Aresté (University of Valencia) The number of parties in a party system can be linked to its main issue dimensions filtered by other factors such the proportionality of the electoral system. The number of parties and their relevance is also tied to the cabinet bargaining process: the more parties are involved in
- [EPOP Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/epop-conference-uk/) - Co-authored paper presented at the Elections, Public Opinion and Parties (EPOP) Annual Conference in the University of Kent.
- [ECPR Summer School (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-summer-school-nottingham/) - Co-director at the 26th European Consortium for Political Research PhD Summer School on “Political Parties and Party Systems” in Nottingham.
- [Seminar in Finland](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-finland/) - Seminar lecture at the Department of Political and Economic Studies of the University of Helsinki on "Do Presidential Elections Matter?"
- [Do regional-nationalist parties emphasize the territorial divide in the national parliament? Some lessons from Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/do-regional-nationalist-parties-emphasize-the-territorial-divide-in-the-national-parliament-some-lessons-from-spain/) - By Bonnie N. Field (Bentley University) and Kerstin Hamann (University of Central Florida) Multinational democracies typically have territorially-concentrated minority groups who may seek to alter the existing patterns of political authority. This may include changing which political institutions have the authority to make (which) decisions that affect their territory, for example governments at the national,
- [Georgia elects a new parliament](https://whogoverns.eu/georgia-elects-a-new-parliament/) - By Ioseb Jorjoliani (Georgian Institute of Politics) The Republic of Georgia held its Parliamentary elections on October 8th. With a voter turnout of about 52 percent, the ruling party- Georgian Dream (GD) secured a victory of 48.67 percent. The main opposition party - United National Movement (UNM) came in second with 27.11 percent. Unlike the
- [Article in "Democratic Audit UK"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-democratic-audit-uk/) - Post on the relationship between party (system) institutionalisation and democratic survival.
- [Another four years for the last ex-communist party standing?](https://whogoverns.eu/another-four-years-for-the-last-ex-communist-party-standing/) - By Olivera Komar (University of Montenegro) On October 16th Montenegrins had an opportunity to vote at the tenth parliamentary elections since pluralism was officially introduced. Montenegrin Parliament consists of one chamber that includes 81 members. According to the preliminary results 387.765 people turned out to vote, which makes for a quite high turnout of 73.3%.
- [Iceland 2016: Major changes – but not a revolution](https://whogoverns.eu/iceland-2016-major-changes-but-not-a-revolution/) - By Ólafur Th. Hardarson (University of Iceland) On October 29th 2016, an early election took place in Iceland. This was a result of the revelation of the Panama Papers last spring, which in April lead to the resignation of Progressive Party Prime Minister Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson – his walking out of a TV interview when
- [Opinion in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/opinion-in-el-correo-gallego-2/) - A brief reflection on the 2016 USA presidential elections in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Roundtable in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-poland/) - Participation in the Expert Roundtable on Political Parties and New Technologies.
- [Blood-Letting in Estonian Politics](https://whogoverns.eu/blood-letting-in-estonian-politics/) - By Martin Mölder (Central European University) The change in the leadership of the Estonian Centre Party on November 5th 2016 that led to the rapid formation of a new coalition between the Centre Party (CP) as the new party of the Prime Minister, the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (PPRU) and the Social Democrats
- [Rajoy’s new government in Spain: a cabinet designed to last](https://whogoverns.eu/rajoys-new-government-in-spain-a-cabinet-designed-to-last/) - By Juan Rodríguez-Teruel (University of Valencia) and Patricia Correa Vila (University of Exeter) After ten months of caretaker government, Spain has a new executive, again with Mariano Rajoy (leader of the conservative Popular Party, PP) as prime minister. Over the last year, Spanish politics has been revolving around the enormous difficulties to form a government,
- [Another four years of "Georgian Democracy"](https://whogoverns.eu/another-four-years-of-georgian-democracy/) - By Ghia Abashidze (Tblisi State University) On Saturday, November 26, after lengthy debates, the Parliament of Georgia has approved a renewed Cabinet. Out of 150 MPs, 110 voted in favour of the new Government. After a landslide victory of incumbent Georgian Dream (GD) party in last October's parliamentary elections, Prime Minister Giorgi Kvirikashvili
- [Italy says "No", and she says it loud](https://whogoverns.eu/italy-says-no-and-she-says-it-loud/) - By Annalisa Cappellini (King's College London) The Italian Constitution seems to be the biggest winner of the referendum on constitutional reforms that took place yesterday in Italy: in an era of political disengagement and low electoral participation 70% of Italian voters went to the polling station to have their say on its proposed modifications; over
- [The 2016 elections in San Marino: another anti-establishment turn?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2016-elections-in-san-marino-another-anti-establishment-turn/) - By Wouter Veenendaal (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies) On 20 November 2016, elections were held for San Marino’s sixty-member legislature, the Consiglio Grande e Generale. Three electoral coalitions composed of various political parties contested the elections, as well as two minor independent parties. The previous elections had been held in 2012,
- [Montenegro 2016: a turning point or “business as usual”](https://whogoverns.eu/montenegro-2016-a-turning-point-or-business-as-usual/) - By Nemanja Batrićević (Central European University) Montenegro remains the only European post-communist country governed by the same party since the introduction of political pluralism. For the tenth time since 1990, citizens of Montenegro have had the opportunity to hold parliamentary elections. On October 16th, 387.765 citizens casted a ballot (73.3%) in elections that, as depicted
- [Romania 2016: high stakes legislative elections. But in the long run.](https://whogoverns.eu/romania-2016-high-stakes-legislative-elections-but-in-the-long-run/) - By Veronica Anghel (University of Bucharest) After 13 months of being led by a technocrat cabinet following the resignation of the socialist PM Victor Ponta, Romania has given once more the social–democrats a firm first chance to form the government. With a 39,49% turnout, the Social Democrat Party (PSD) won an average 46% of the
- [The elections in Macedonia brought political balance, but will they bring stability or restore democracy?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-elections-in-macedonia-brought-political-balance-but-will-they-bring-stability-or-restore-democracy/) - By Dane Taleski (University of Graz) The early parliamentary elections, held on 11 December, had a very high turnout. In total, 1,191,521 voters (66.82% of the electorate) cast their ballot. In some electoral units the turnout was over 70%; however, it was lower in electoral unit six, where ethnic Albanians constitute a majority. There were
- [Lithuania: a new government led by the Peasants and Greens is formed](https://whogoverns.eu/lithuania-a-new-government-led-by-the-peasants-and-greens-is-formed/) - By Raimondas Ibenskas (University of Southampton) On the 13th of December, Lithuanian parliament Seimas approved the programme of the new government formed by the coalition between the Union of Peasants and Greens and the Social Democratic Party. The parliamentary vote completed the government formation process that started after the second round of the Seimas election
- [The Gentiloni cabinet: much ado about nothing?](https://whogoverns.eu/1681-2/) - By Bruno Marino (Scuola Normale Superiore, Florence) One of the most common catchphrases that have been used to describe Italian politics is taken from the book ‘The Leopard’ (Il Gattopardo), and – slightly paraphrasing it - it states that if we want everything to stay the same, everything has to change. This has probably been
- [New Croatian government with old coalition partners: Is it going to last longer this time?](https://whogoverns.eu/new-croatian-government-with-old-coalition-partners-is-it-going-to-last-longer-this-time/) - By Dario Nikić Čakar (University of Zagreb) Since the beginning of 2016 Croatian politics has faced serious turmoil and unprecedented events which brought into question the established norms of government stability in Croatia. After less than five months in office, the (government of technocratic Prime Minister Tihomir Orešković) was brought-down in the Parliament by vote
- [A Not So Fresh Chapter of a Tragi-Dramedy Unfolding: Newly Appointed Romanian Government Faces Old Corruption Scandals](https://whogoverns.eu/a-not-so-fresh-chapter-of-a-tragi-dramedy-unfolding-newly-appointed-romanian-government-faces-old-corruption-scandals/) - By Luciana Alexandra Ghica (University of Bucharest) Rarely present in international news and hardly ever for its achievements, Romania has gained, however, positive international fame during the last decade for two seemingly unrelated success stories. The slightly more entertaining one is its new wave of cinema which often reflects on the country’s recent communist past
- [Iceland 2016: Politics as usual, a new centre-right government takes over](https://whogoverns.eu/iceland-2016-politics-as-usual-a-new-centre-right-government-takes-over/) - By Eva H. Önnudóttir (University of Iceland) The 2016 election in Iceland was an early election, held about six months earlier than was originally planned. The election was brought about by the Panama scandal in April 2016. The Panama Papers revealed, among other things, the ownership of the former Prime Minister, Sigmundur Davíð Gunnlaugsson of
- [Roundtable in Georgia](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-georgia/) - Participation in a Roundtable co-organised by DRI (Democracy Reporting International) and GYLA (Georgian Young Lawyers Association) on "Polarising Politics and the Future of Georgia" in Tbilisi
- [Newspaper interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-georgia/) - Interview on "Polarisation in Georgia" for Voice of America
- [International Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-uk/) - Presenting on "Institutionalization and Democracy: Aiding Parties or Party Systems?" at the International Conference on "Deliberating Democratisation" organised by the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD) and the University of Birmingham at the British Academy (BA) Headquarters (London)
- [A flattened political landscape in the flat country. The Dutch elections of 2017](https://whogoverns.eu/a-flattened-political-landscape-in-the-flat-country-the-dutch-elections-of-2017/) - By Simon Otjes (Documentation Centre Dutch Political Parties University of Groningen) For the first time in almost two decades a Dutch cabinet lasted its entire term. Despite the fact that Liberal-Labour coalition lacked a majority in the Senate, it was able to implement an impressive policy agenda oriented at welfare state reform without a cabinet
- [Newspaper interview (Chile)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-chile/) - Interview on "How Brexit will affect UK's image", Chile's leading newspaper (El Mercurio)
- [The 2017 Bulgarian elections: A Dead-end street?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2017-bulgarian-elections-a-dead-end-street/) - By Emilia Zankina (American University in Bulgaria) Sunday (March 26th) parliamentary elections in Bulgaria mark the third early elections in the country in four years. Three elections and six governments (three of which care-taker) later, Boyko Borissov and his GERB party (Citizens for European Development of Bulgaria, with the symbolic acronym meaning “coat of arms”)
- [International Conference (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-georgia/) - Speaker at an International Conference co-organised by TI (Transparency International), DRI (Democracy Reporting International), Open Society and International IDEA (Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance) on "Constitutional Reform in Georgia" in Tbilisi. Panel I – Powers of the President and Election Procedure Moderator: Jerome Leyraud – IFES Speakers: ● Keynote speaker: Irakli Kobakhidze – Chairman
- [Newspaper interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-georgia-2/) - Interview on "Constitutional Reform" for Voice of America
- [Reference to my work (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/work-reference-spain/) - Research explicitly quoted by OSCE/ODIHR officials at the Spanish parliament (Madrid).
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post-5/) - An analysis on the 2nd April parliamentary elections in Serbia
- [Liberal International Bureau Meeting (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/liberal-international-bureau-meeting-uk/) - Participation as an international expert at the Meeting of the Liberal International Bureau in Oxford to discuss modifications to the Liberal International Manifesto.
- [New Bulgarian government: more of the same](https://whogoverns.eu/new-bulgarian-government-more-of-the-same/) - By Dragomir Stoyanov (VUZF University) On March 26, 2017 snap elections were held in Bulgaria. These were the third snap parliamentary elections in the last five years and their results confirmed GERB as the most popular party in Bulgaria. Thus, these were the fourth consecutive national elections in which GERB won parliamentary majority (very unusual
- [Opinion in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/opinion-in-el-correo-gallego-3/) - A reflection on the 2017 French presidential elections in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [The government of Edouard Philippe : talkin’ about a revolution?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-government-of-edouard-philippe-talkin-about-a-revolution/) - By Camille Bedock (Centre for the Study of Politics-CEVIPOL at Free University of Brussels-ULB) Since the election of the new President Macron on the 7th of May, the French media seems quite unanimous: France is experiencing a soft revolution, with a young president breaking the lines, atomizing old parties and old cleavages, and sending home
- [New Macedonian Government – An end of the authoritarian regime](https://whogoverns.eu/1830-2/) - By Trajche Panov (European University Institute, Florence) Macedonia got the first government after 11 years of political dominance of the conservative populist VMRO DPMNE (Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity) led by its president and long term Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski. This practically closes the era of Nikola Gruevski who created an
- [Maltese Labour Party Reconfirmed in Government with a Comfortable Majority: Prime Minister Muscat Confounds his Opponents](https://whogoverns.eu/maltese-labour-party-reconfirmed-in-government-with-a-comfortable-majority-prime-minister-muscat-confounds-his-opponents/) - By Roderick Pace (University of Malta) The snap election held in Malta on 3 June 2017 has reconfirmed the incumbent Labour Party in government for the next five years with a resounding popular majority and a projected nine seat majority in the National Parliament. Labour Leader Joseph Muscat took the oath of office as Prime
- [Strong and Stable to Weak and Wobbly: The 2017 British General Election](https://whogoverns.eu/strong-and-stable-to-weak-and-wobbly-the-2017-british-general-election/) - By Grant Mitchell (Keele University) Introduction After weeks of declaring that there would be no general election until 2020, Theresa May surprised the nation by calling for a general election before 2020. Unlike in previous elections, the introduction of the Fixed-term Parliaments Act (2011) removed from the Prime Minister the power to call snap elections
- [Newspaper interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-spain/) - Interview on "The Future of British Politics" for La Razon
- [Article in "Diálogo Atlántico"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-dialogo-atlantico/) - Post about the 2017 UK general elections.
- [Regional Conference (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/regional-conference-georgia/) - Keynote Speaker at the Session on the “Political Campaign Finance – What way forward?” (Tbilisi) Speakers: Dr. Marcin Walecki, Head of Democratization Department, OSCE/ODIHR Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, Assistant Professor, University of Nottingham Mr. Anar Mammadli, Election Monitoring and Democracy Studies Centre, Azerbaijan Ms. Lena Nazaryan, Member of Parliament Armenia Moderator: Mrs. Nino Lomjaria, First
- [Newspaper interview (Chile)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-chile-2/) - Interview on "EU-UK Brexit negotiations", Chile's leading newspaper (El Mercurio)
- [School of Leaders (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/1922-2/) - Keynote speech on "The Crisis of Political Parties and Democracy" at the 25th School of Political Leaders (Szkoła Liderów) in Warsaw (Poland).
- [Elections in Albania: A country in need of democratic representation towards European integration](https://whogoverns.eu/elections-in-albania-a-country-in-need-of-democratic-representation-towards-european-integration/) - By Nisida Gjoksi (London School of Economics) Background Albania broke-free from a 45 years long totalitarian communist regime in the 1990s. The road to democratization was strongly interlinked with the process of EU accession and the country received the candidate status in June 2014 and became a NATO member in 2009. Its path to democratization
- [Organizational instability of the Serbian governments: Fifth SNS cabinet](https://whogoverns.eu/organizational-instability-of-the-serbian-governments-fifth-sns-cabinet/) - By Boban Stojanović (University of Belgrade) Serbia gets a new, fifth government since the 2012, when the Serbian Progressive Party came to power. After the election in 2012, we had twice early parliamentary elections, in 2014 on which Vučić had the goal to further increase his power and increase the number of MPs. With the
- [Old Habits Die Hard: Romania’s Newest Midsummer Government Formation](https://whogoverns.eu/old-habits-die-hard-romanias-newest-midsummer-government-formation/) - By Veronica Anghel (University of Bucharest) Following yet another electoral fortune, the Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSD) successfully formed the Grindeanu cabinet with support party the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats (ALDE) in December 2016. As the first year in the life of the Grindeanu cabinet unfolded, there was little change in the distribution
- [CES Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/ces-conference-uk/) - Presentation at the 24rd Council for European Studies Annual Conference in Glasgow.
- [Governing Croatia the HDZ way: re-shuffling](https://whogoverns.eu/governing-croatia-the-hdz-way-re-shuffling/) - By Gorana Mišić (Central European University) It is old news that the first coalition between HDZ (Croatian Democratic Union) and MOST (Bridge of Independent Lists) fell apart over the conflict of interest of the first deputy PM and HDZ President Tomislav Karamarko in June 2016 – after only six months in power. New elections in
- [Article in "El Pais"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-el-pais/) - An analysis on polarisation in European democracies (1900-2016)
- [ALACIP Conference (Uruguay)](https://whogoverns.eu/alacip-conference-uruguay/) - Talks at two Roundtables (special and central) during the 9th Latin-American Political Science Association (ALACIP) Conference in Montevideo.
- [Newspaper interview (Portugal)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-portugal/) - Interview on "Brexit negotiations" in the "Democrat".
- [SAAP Conference (Argentina)](https://whogoverns.eu/saap-conference-argentina/) - Two presentations at the 13th Argentinian Association of Political Analysis (SAPP) Conference in Buenos Aires.
- [EPOP Conference (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/2025-2/) - Co-authored paper presented at the Elections, Public Opinion and Parties (EPOP) Annual Conference in the University of Nottingham.
- [The 2017 Norwegian parliamentary election: Status quo – at the surface](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2017-norwegian-parliamentary-election-status-quo-at-the-surface/) - By Jo Saglie (Institute for Social Research, Oslo) Incumbent parties tend to lose votes, in Norway as in many other West European countries. Nevertheless, the incumbent Norwegian government survived the 2017 parliamentary election. The government parties – the Conservative Party and the Progress Party – lost some seats, but remained in power. The main loser
- [ECPR Summer School (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-summer-school-nottingham-2/) - Co-director at the 27th European Consortium for Political Research PhD Summer School on “Political Parties and Party Systems” in Nottingham.
- [AECPA Prize](https://whogoverns.eu/aecpa-prize/) - 2017 Prize to the Best Article in Political Science for the 2015-2016 period awarded by the Spanish Political Science Association (AECPA) for "It's Been Mostly About Money! A Multi-method Research Approach to the Sources of Institutionalization" (Sociological Methods and Research, 2017).
- [Article in "Democratic Audit UK"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-democratic-audit-uk-2/) - Post with Angela Bourne on the banning of political parties in Europe.
- [The 2017 Bundestagswahl in Germany – Heading for Jamaica?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2017-bundestagswahl-in-germany-heading-for-jamaica/) - By Sophie Karow (University of Düsseldorf) Germany just voted for a new national parliament. The election results are regarded as historical. After 4 years of a grand coalition, the Conservatives (CDU/CSU) and the Social Democrats (SPD), the two largest parties in Germany, face dramatic losses. The smaller parties are considered as winners of this election,
- [Interview in "La Voz de Galicia"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-la-voz-de-galicia/) - Talking about politics in Galicia's leading newspaper.
- [Radio interview (Lithuania)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-lithuania/) - Interview on "Catalonia's illegal referendum" for "Lithuanian National Radio" (LRT).
- [Newspaper interview (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/2076-2/) - Interview on "F.C. Barcelona's role in the catalanist movement" in the Daily Express.
- [Opinion in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/2080-2/) - A reflection on the independence of Catalonia in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Newspaper interview (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-spain-2/) - Interview on "Brexit negotiations" for La Razon
- [Towards the Right: Austria’s Nationalratswahl 2017](https://whogoverns.eu/towards-the-right-austrias-nationalratswahl-2017/) - By Martin Lausegger (University of Oxford) On the 15th of October Sebastian Kurz, leader of the centre-right People’s Party (ÖVP), celebrated a clear ‘start to finish’ victory. Ever since the 31-year old took over the ÖVP earlier this year, he consistently led the polls throughout an election campaign whose fundamental driving forces were immigration, the
- [Venice Commission Delegation (Moldova)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-delegation-moldova/) - OSCE/ODIHR representative in the Venice Commission delegation to examine Moldova's party and finance regulation.
- [Conference in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-in-poland/) - Presentation about "Parliamentary Turnover and Party Crisis in East Central Europe" in Przemysl (Poland).
- [TV interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-georgia/) - Interview on the "Catalonian crisis" in Spain for "PanoramaTVShow", an Iberia TV (Georgian Television) Politics Show.
- [The Longest Formation in Dutch history. Why did it take so long? What did it result in? And will that last?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-longest-formation-in-dutch-history-why-did-it-take-so-long-what-did-it-result-in-and-will-that-last/) - By Simon Otjes (University of Groningen) The Dutch elections were on March 15, 2017. 225 days, later a government was formed. That was the longest government formation period in the Netherlands. So why did the talks last so long? What did the talks result in? And will the coalition last? Longest Formation Talks in Dutch
- [Newspaper interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-georgia-3/) - Interview on the “Catalonian crisis” in Spain.
- [Radio interview (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-uk/) - Interview on "the application of art. 155 in Catalonia" for "The Breakfast Show" of "Voice of Islam Radio UK (begins after 1:43:45).
- [The 2017 parliamentary election in the Czech Republic: continuous fragility and the victory of an anti-establishment politics](https://whogoverns.eu/the-2017-parliamentary-election-in-the-czech-republic-continuous-fragility-and-the-victory-of-an-anti-establishment-politics/) - By Vlastimil Havlik (Masaryk University) and Tim Haughton (University of Birmingham) Two initial observations stand out with the first glance at results of the last parliamentary election that took place in the Czech Republic last week. First, confirmation of stability instability dating back to the 2010 “earthquake election”. Second, a clear victory of an anti-establishment
- [Article in "openDemocracy"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-open-democracy/) - Post with Angela Bourne on the consequences of party banning in Europe.
- [OSCE/ODIHR Opinion (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/2167-2/) - OSCE/ODIHR Opinion on Laws Regulation the Funding of Political Parties in Spain.
- [OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/osceodihr-annual-meeting-poland/) - OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting of the Core Group of Experts on Political Parties (Warsaw).
- [World Forum for Democracy (France)](https://whogoverns.eu/world-forum-for-democracy-france/) - One of the main rapporteurs at the World Forum for Democracy (WFD) organised by the Council of Europe (CoE) in Strasbourg.
- [TV interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-georgia-2/) - Interview on the "Catalonian crisis" in Spain for "Free Space", an DIA TV (Georgian Television) Politics Show (begins around the 3rd minute).
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post-6/) - An analysis on the level of polarisation in Western Europe.
- [International Model United Nations (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-model-united-nations-uk/) - Keynote speech on "The Crisis of Political Parties and Democracy" at the 2017 International Model United Nations (NottsMUN) Conference in Nottingham (United Kingdom).
- [Workshop in Germany](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-germany-2/) - Workshop on "Democracy in Europe one Year After Trump" in Berlin (Mercator Stiftung).
- [Article in "openDemocracy"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-opendemocracy/) - Post on the representative politics in an era of everyday mobilisation.
- [Discussion Paper for OSCE/ODIHR](https://whogoverns.eu/discussion-paper-good-practices-for-osceodihr/) - Discussion paper on "Political Party Funding Regulation in Europe, East and West: A Comparative Analysis" prepared for OSCE/ODIHR
- [Venice Commission-OSCE/ODIHR Joint Opinion (Moldova)](https://whogoverns.eu/venice-commission-osceodihr-joint-opinion-moldova/) - Venice Commission and OSCE/ODIHR Joint Opinion on the Legal Framework of the Republic of Moldova Governing the Funding of Political Parties and Electoral Campaigns
- [Iceland 2017: A new government from left to right](https://whogoverns.eu/iceland-2017-a-new-government-from-left-to-right/) - By Eva H. Önnudóttir (University of Iceland) and Ólafur Th. Hardarson (University of Iceland) An early election to Althingi, the Icelandic parliament, took place on October 28th 2017 – only a year after another early election in the fall 2016, and the third early election since 2008. In September 2017, Bright Future, which was first
- [A minority government with big ambitions](https://whogoverns.eu/a-minority-government-with-big-ambitions/) - By Seán Hanley (University College London) On 13 December, Czech President Miloš Zeman formally appointed a minority government led by the billionaire-politician Andrej Babiš, whose ANO movement emerged as the clear winner of parliamentary elections on 20-21 October, gaining 78 seats in the 200-member Chamber of Deputies. The October elections saw no fewer than nine
- [Opinion in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/opinion-in-el-correo-gallego-4/) - A reflection on the Catalonian 2017 elections in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Radio interview (Russia)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-russia/) - Interview on "Catalan 2017 elections" for Radio Sputnik.
- [WEP Prize](https://whogoverns.eu/wep-prize/) - 2017 Gordon Smith and Vincent Wright Memorial Prize awarded by the journal of West European Politics for the article "Political Parties or Party Systems? Assessing the ‘Myth’ of Institutionalization and Democracy" (v. 40, 2017).
- [Romania – the 30th cabinet and a case of ‘stable instability’](https://whogoverns.eu/romania-the-30th-cabinet-and-a-case-of-stable-instability/) - By Veronica Anghel (University of Bucharest) The durability of a cabinet is the standard indicator used by researchers of governments to measure stability. Non-specialists intuitively make the same choice. Now counting its 30th cabinet of the last 28 years, Romania reconfirms its traditional pattern of cabinet instability. However, the case also shows the limitations of
- [Opinion in "La Voz de Galicia"](https://whogoverns.eu/opinion-in-la-voz-de-galicia/) - A reflection on the electoral system reform in Spain in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Interview in "La Voz de Galicia"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-la-voz-de-galicia-2/) - Talking about electoral system reform in Galicia's leading newspaper.
- [After the crisis back to ‘normality’: The Cyprus Presidential Elections 2018](https://whogoverns.eu/after-the-crisis-back-to-normality-the-cyprus-presidential-elections-2018/) - By Vasiliki Triga (Cyprus University of Technology) On 4 February 2018, the 8th President of the Republic of Cyprus, the incumbent President Anastasiades, was elected for a new term after winning the second round run-off with 55.9% of the vote. In the first round (28 January) President Anastasiades received 35.1% of the vote share against
- [Monegasque national elections of 2018, rooted in the past and geared towards modernity](https://whogoverns.eu/2322-2/) - By Félicitas Guillot (IE-EI, Nice) Monegasque national elections took place on the 11th of February. The election campaign started quite early, in July 2017, with the announcement of Jean-Louis Grinda as chief candidate for « l’Union Monegasque » (Monegasque Union, center). The second chief candidate was Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo for Horizon Monaco (center-right), declared in September
- [The EU nightmare comes to life: Italian populist forces above 50%](https://whogoverns.eu/the-eu-nightmare-comes-to-life-italian-populist-forces-above-50/) - By Vincenzo Emanuele (Luiss Guido Carli) and Bruno Marino (Scuola Normale Superiore) A new electoral tsunami has hit Italy in the 2018 general election, after the already-astonishing results of the previous general election. As highly expected by many pundits, the election held on the 4th March has ended up in a hung Parliament, with no
- [Roundtable in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/roundtable-in-spain-2/) - Participation in a Roundtable on "Europe and Spain in the Time of Populism" at the Autonomous University in Madrid
- [Same same but different? Germany’s way to a new-old grand coalition](https://whogoverns.eu/same-same-but-different-germanys-way-to-a-new-old-grand-coalition/) - By Sophia Hunger and Theresa E. Gessler (European University Institute) In September 2017, Germans went to the polls - almost half a year later, Angela Merkel was elected as chancellor governing with another round of the previous grand coalition government. In this post, we discuss how this new-old government came about, why coalition formation took
- [Interview in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/2361-2/) - Talking about politics and academic life in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Another sweeping victory for Fidesz: a staggering blow to Hungarian democracy](https://whogoverns.eu/another-sweeping-victory-for-fidesz-a-staggering-blow-to-hungarian-democracy/) - By Gergő Medve-Bálint (Centre for Social Sciences-Hungarian Academy of Sciences) On 8 April, at 7pm sharp, voting at the 2018 Hungarian general elections officially ended. However, it was not until 10:55pm when the first results were announced by the National Election Office. Millions of voters were anxiously and later angrily waiting for the results that
- [Interview for "Iranian Labour News Agency"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-for-iranian-labour-news-agency/) - Talking about the Catalonian crisis.
- [CIVILNET interview](https://whogoverns.eu/civilnet-interview-2/) - Interview on the political situation in Armenia, published by CIVILNET.
- [Interview in "El Faro de Vigo"](https://whogoverns.eu/interview-in-el-faro-de-vigo/) - Talking about politics, academia and life in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Presentation in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-uk/) - Presentation on "The Determinants of Vote for Anti-Political-Establishment Parties in Western Europe" at the 1st REPRESENT International Conference in Birmingham (UK).
- [Early Elections Averted: The Pellegrini Cabinet to Lead Slovakia out of a Deep Political Crisis](https://whogoverns.eu/early-elections-averted-the-pellegrini-cabinet-to-lead-slovakia-out-of-a-deep-political-crisis/) - By Marek Rybář (Masaryk University) One of the most turbulent months in Slovakia's recent history started with the murder of an investigative journalist Ján Kuciak and culminated with the resignation of the Prime Minister Robert Fico and his entire cabinet, and appointment of a new government led by Peter Pellegrini. The whole process involved an
- [Presentation in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-mongolia/) - Launch of the International IDEA "Level Up: Political Finance with Integrity Project".
- [TV interview (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-mongolia/) - Interview on "party funding regulation in Mongolia" for MNB's (Mongolian Television) News (between minutes 24th and 42nd).
- [The Five Star Movement and the League: the awkward partners of Italian politics?](https://whogoverns.eu/the-five-star-movement-and-the-league-the-awkward-partners-of-italian-politics/) - By Margherita de Candia (King's College London) As it is often the case, Italian politics turns out to be particularly absorbing. More than two months have elapsed since March general elections, and Italy's main parties have yet to agree on the coalition that will lead the country's 65th government (according to some, the first of
- [Article in "The Conversation"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-conversation-3/) - A brief analysis (with Nic Cheeseman, Susan Dodsworth and Lise Storm) of the positive sides of populism.
- [TV interview (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/tv-interview-mongolia-2/) - Interview on "populism, the crisis of democracy and party regulation" for "Eagle 22", a Eagle News (Mongolian Television) Politics Show
- [Italy has, finally, a government. And it is probably its most rightist government since the end of the Mussolini era](https://whogoverns.eu/italy-has-finally-a-government-and-it-is-probably-its-most-rightist-government-since-the-end-of-the-mussolini-era/) - By Gianluca Scattu (The University of Sydney) Many words have been spoken, and probably much more will be said about the three months of political chaos that followed March 2018 general elections, and the populist traits of the Five Star Movement (FSM) and the League, the two parties that support the new government. Little, however,
- [HPSA Conference (Budapest)](https://whogoverns.eu/hpsa-conference-budapest/) - Keynote speech on "European Party Systems in Crisis: Can We Fix It?" at the Annual Conference of the Hungarian Political Science Association in Budapest (Hungary).
- [Interviews in "Observador" and "Noticias ao Minuto"](https://whogoverns.eu/interviews-in-observador-and-noticias-ao-minuto/) - Interview on "the new Spanish government, Brexit and Gibraltar".
- [International Conference (Belgium)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-brussels/) - Presentation and moderation at the International Conference "Representation in the Age of Populism", co-organised by International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR), the Westminster Foundation for Democracy (WFD), the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and the Research Centre for the Study of Parties and
- [Regional Conference (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/2500-2/) - Keynote Speaker at the Session on the “Regulating Money and Politics, a General Overview” (Tbilisi) Speakers: Mr. Yves-Marie Doublet, Deputy Director at the National Assembly of France and Council of Europe expert (GRECO) Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, Assistant Professor (University of Nottingham) and Council of Europe expert (Venice Commission) Ms. Nana Kalandadze, Programe Officer, International
- [ECPR/ODIHR Summer School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-odihr-summer-school-poland/) - Co-director at the 1st European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw.
- [The Czech Republic finally has a new government: it has a prosecuted populist Prime Minister and is supported by the Communists](https://whogoverns.eu/the-czech-republic-finally-has-a-new-government-it-has-a-prosecuted-populist-prime-minister-and-is-supported-by-the-communists/) - By Vlastimil Havlik (Masaryk University) and Ivan Jarabinský (Institute for Evaluations and Social Analyses) Initial situation It was 263 days after the last general election that a new minority coalition government was formed. The populist ANO and the Czech Social Democratic Party (CSSD) came together and the coalition is - for the first time after
- [AMECIP (Puebla)](https://whogoverns.eu/amecip-puebla/) - Keynote speech on "Party Systems in Crisis: Can We Fix It?" at the 6th International Conference of the Mexican Political Science Association (AMECIP) in Puebla (Mexico).
- [ECPR Summer School (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-summer-school-uk/) - Co-director at the 28th European Consortium for Political Research PhD Summer School on “Political Parties and Party Systems” in Nottingham.
- [Swedish elections: All claim success but there is no obvious winner](https://whogoverns.eu/swedish-elections-all-claim-success-but-there-is-no-obvious-winner/) - By Thomas Sedelius (Dalarna University) The polling stations closed on Sunday, 9 September, at 8pm as Sweden voted on all available parliamentary positions on the same day: the 291 municipal councils (Kommunerna), the 23 provincial chambers (Landstingen) and the 349 seats in the national parliament, the Riksdag. Here is my brief post-election comment focusing on
- [Latvia’s Same Old Story: the rise of new parties and a never-ending inchoate party system](https://whogoverns.eu/latvias-same-old-story-the-rise-of-new-parties-and-a-never-ending-inchoate-party-system/) - By Ryo Nakai (The University of Kitakyushu) Latvia had a general election on 6 October 2018. The results awarded seats in the Saeima, the parliament of the Republic of Latvia, to seven parties including three newcomers. Some notable aspects of the election include the following: the current government parties were defeated, a party friendly to
- [OSCE/ODIHR Opinion (Lithuania)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-opinion-lithuania/) - OSCE/ODIHR Opinion on Certain Provisions of the Law on Funding of and Control of Funding of Political Parties in Lithuania.
- [Workshop in Estonia](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-estonia/) - Workshop on "Democracy in Reverse: Patterns of Autocratization in Eastern Europe and Eurasia" at the University of Tartu (Estonia).
- [International IDEA Report (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-idea-report-mongolia/) - International IDEA Report on Political Finance in Mongolia.
- [Talk in Montenegro](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-montenegro/) - Lecture at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Montenegro on "The Crisis of Representative Democracy and the Rise of Anti-political-establishment Parties"
- [Interview in "Kodex"](https://whogoverns.eu/interviews-in-kodex/) - Interview on "the politics of Montenegro".
- [Knowledge Exchange and Impact Awards (runner-up)](https://whogoverns.eu/knowledge-exchange-and-impact-awards-runner-up/) - Runner-up to the Knowledge Exchange and Impact Awards (KEIA) of the University of Nottingham in the category of "Policy Impact".
- [Radio interview (Argentina)](https://whogoverns.eu/radio-interview-argentina/) - Interview on "Brexit" for Corresponsales en Linea.
- [Talk in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-poland/) - Presentation at the Institute of Political Science of the Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University (Warsaw) on "Populism, democratic crisis and a proposal to fix it"
- [Talk in Austria](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-austria/) - Presentation at the Institute of Human Studies (IWM) in Vienna (Austria).
- [International Conference (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-ukraine/) - Talk about "Public Finance of Political Parties in CIS and Europe" at the 10th National Investigative Journalist Conference, organised by the Regional Press Development Institute-RPDI (Kiev).
- [Georgia's 2018 Presidential Election: lessons and implications](https://whogoverns.eu/georgias-2018-presidential-election-lessons-and-implications/) - By George Mchedlishvili (International Black Sea University) For the first time in its post-Soviet history of independence, the second round of presidential election took place in Georgia on November 28. The runoff gave a commanding victory (at 59.5% of the votes) to the former foreign minister Salome Zurabishvili, a formally independent candidate supported by the
- [Armenia’s Snap Elections: Building a Ship at Sea](https://whogoverns.eu/armenias-snap-elections-building-a-ship-at-sea/) - By Armen Mazmanyan (Central European University and American University of Armenia) Background On 9 December 2018 the citizens of the Republic of Armenia went to the polls to elect the country’s new parliament, and these were the second such elections in the last two years. The outgoing parliament, featuring an overwhelming majority by the ruling
- [First Coalition Minority Government in Slovenia: 100 days evaluation](https://whogoverns.eu/first-coalition-minority-government-in-slovenia/) - By Alenka Krašovec (University of Ljubljana) Introduction A bit more than three months after the elections in June 2018, a new government in Slovenia was formed on 13 September 2018. Given the PR electoral system and rather low parliamentary threshold (4 %), another coalition government in Slovenia was not a surprise. However, some novelty can
- [Presentation in Georgia](https://whogoverns.eu/presentation-in-georgia-2/) - Presentation on "The Causes and Consequences of Political Polarization" at the "Communicathon 2018, organised by DRI (Democracy Reporting International) in collaboration with GYLA (Georgian Young Lawyers Association) and Forset in Tbilisi.
- [Talk in Sweden](https://whogoverns.eu/talk-in-sweden/) - Presentation at the V-Dem Institute of the University of Gothenburg (Sweden).
- [ECPR/ODIHR Winter School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-odihr-winter-school-poland/) - Co-director at the 1st European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Winter School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw.
- [Chronicle of a crisis foretold: the Gordian Knot of the Swedish Riksdag](https://whogoverns.eu/chronicle-of-crisis-foretold-the-gordian-knot-of-the-swedish-riksdag/) - By Kjetil Duvold (Dalarna University) Sweden’s former Prime Minister Olof Palme once said that ‘politics is to want something’. For many people, Palme epitomised the classic Swedish welfare model of long-term and comprehensive social and economic planning, agreement between labour and capital, and a great deal of social consensus. But his assassination on a cold
- [Newspaper interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-georgia-4/) - Interview on "Political polarization" for Voice of America
- [Moldovan parliamentary elections: between oligarchs' money and fresh politicians' hopes](https://whogoverns.eu/moldovan-parliamentary-elections-between-oligarchs-money-and-fresh-politicians-hopes/) - By Vladislav Șaran (Independent Analytical Center “Spirit Critic”) On 24 February, citizens of the Republic of Moldova were invited to express their right to vote having a choice between the old political class and new politicians. Looking at the results, the new Parliament will have 4 political parties: namely, the Socialist Party (PSRM) (35 mandates),
- [Parliamentary Elections in Estonia – A Triumph of Online Voting](https://whogoverns.eu/2810-2/) - By Martin Mölder (University of Tartu) The Estonian parliamentary elections that ended on Sunday can be considered both exceptional or rather commonplace, depending on how one looks at the results. The same could be said about possible coalitions that can form in the aftermath. The elections were exceptional first and foremost because of the very
- [Conference (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/conference-georgia/) - Presenting on the "Causes and Consequences of Polarisation" at the Georgian Institute of Politics (GIP) Annual Conference (Tbilisi).
- [Polarization: What do we know about it and what can we do to combat it?](https://whogoverns.eu/polarization-what-do-we-know-about-it-and-what-can-we-do-to-combat-it/) - Presented at the Georgian Institute of Politics (GIP) Annual Conference (Tbilisi).
- [Visiting Lecture (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-georgia-2/) - Presentation at Tbilisi State University (Georgia) on the "Crisis of Political Parties and Representative Democracy", as OSCE/ODIHR expert.
- [MUNI Seminar (Czechia)](https://whogoverns.eu/muni-seminar-czechia/) - Presentation at Masaryk University (Brno) on the "Rise of Anti-political-establishment Parties and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy".
- [Andorran elections: coalition government...or not?](https://whogoverns.eu/2865-2/) - By Juli Minoves-Triquell (University of La Verne and CIDOB-Barcelona) Andorra has term limits for Prime Ministers; they cannot run more than twice. With the end of the second term of Antoni Marti of Demòcrates per Andorra (DA, center-right) who had ruled with parliamentary majorities two full terms, elections were foreseen to be competitive. Seven national
- [Article in "The Conversation"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-conversation-4/) - A brief analysis (with Anna M. Bagaini) of the last parliamentary elections in Israel
- [Parliamentary elections in Finland –  a shift to the left, but also to the right?](https://whogoverns.eu/parliamentary-elections-in-finland-a-shift-to-the-left-but-also-to-the-right/) - By Antti Kaihovaara (University of Helsinki) As the last votes were counted on Sunday evening, the progressive parties had most reasons to celebrate. After four years in opposition, the support for the Social Democrats, the Left Alliance and the Greens increased by over five percentage points in total. The Social Democrats came up top by
- [Newspaper interview (Czechia)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-czechia/) - Interview on the 2019 Spanish parliamentary elections.
- [Newspaper interview (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-georgia-5/) - Interview on "Political polarization" for Voice of America
- [The electoral fragmentation on the right side: 2019 Spanish general elections](https://whogoverns.eu/the-electoral-fragmentation-on-the-right-side-2019-spanish-general-elections/) - By José Rama Caamaño and Andrés Santana Leitner (Autonomous University of Madrid) 2015 and 2016 general elections The 2015 and 2016 Spanish general elections turned the Spanish party system upside down. The first one was considered as an enormous earthquake that hit many of the well-established attributes of the national party system, such as the
- [Article in "The Globe Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-globe-post/) - A brief analysis (with Boban Stojanović) of democratic backsliding in Serbia.
- [Newspaper interview (Brazil)](https://whogoverns.eu/newspaper-interview-brazil/) - Interview on the 2019 Spanish parliamentary elections.
- [Article in "The Washington Post"](https://whogoverns.eu/article-in-the-washington-post-7/) - An analysis (with Juan Rodríguez Teruel) on the 2019 parliamentary elections in Spain.
- [ECPR/ODIHR Summer School (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/ecpr-odihr-summer-school-poland-2/) - Co-director at the 2nd European Consortium for Political Research/Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Summer School on “Parties and Democracy” in Warsaw.
- [Visiting lecture (Czechia)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-czechia/) - Visiting lecture at Masaryk University (Brno) on the "Money in Politics".
- [WFD Seminar in Communication and Social Media (Morocco)](https://whogoverns.eu/wfd-seminar-in-communication-and-social-media-morocco/) - Observer at the "Grassroots Engagement, Communication and Social Media" Seminar organised by the African Leadership and Democracy Centre in collaboration with the Westminster Foundation of Democracy and the Conservatives in Marrakech (Morocco).
- [Workshop in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-spain/) - Workshop on "Policy Analysis in Spain" at the Barcelona Institute for International Studies (IBEI) in Spain.
- [OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/osce-odihr-annual-meeting-poland/) - OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting of the Core Group of Experts on Political Parties (Warsaw).
- [Workshop in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-nottingham/) - Presentation at the Taiwan Studies Program's and Asia Research Institute's workshop on "Mapping Taiwan Globally" held at the University of Nottingham (UK).
- [Seminar (Mexico)](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-mexico/) - Seminar lecture at the Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) in Mexico City on "The Current Crisis of Political Parties".
- [IPSA World Congress (Australia)](https://whogoverns.eu/ipsa-world-congress-australia/) - Presentation at the 25th World Congress of Political Science in Brisbane.
- [Political Party Peer Network Steering Group (Belgium)](https://whogoverns.eu/political-party-peer-networksteering-group-belgium/) - Participation, as co-director of the Research Centre for the Study of Parties and Democracy (REPRESENT), in the Open Meeting of the Political Party Peer (PPPeer) Network Steering Group in Brussels.
- [Fieldwork in Mongolia](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-mongolia/) - Preparatory work for the assessment of party funding regulation in Mongolia (in collaboration with International IDEA).
- [Visiting Lecture (Mongolia)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-mongolia/) - Presentation at the National University of Mongolia (Ulan Bator) on the "Peril of Direct Presidential Elections".
- [ECPR Joint Sessions (Cyprus)](https://whogoverns.eu/2384-2/) - Co-director (with Dr. Angela Bourne, Roskilde University) of a workshop on "Rethinking ‘Militant Democracy’ in the Age of Populism in the Age of Populism" at the 46th European Consortium for Political Research Joint Sessions of Workshops in Nicosia.
- [Seminar in UK](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-uk/) - Seminar lecture at the School of Politics and International Relations of the University of Leicester (UK).
- [Seminar in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-spain-3/) - Seminar lecture at the Department of Political Science in Faculty of Law of the Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) in Spain.
- [Meeting of experts (Sweden)](https://whogoverns.eu/meeting-of-experts-sweden/) - Meeting of "party finance experts" at International IDEA Headquarters (Stockholm) for the re-launching of the PFDB.
- [Visiting Lecture (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-georgia/) - Presentation at the International Black Sea University (Tbilisi) on the "Peril of Semi-presidentialism and the Future of Georgian Politics".
- [Icelandic Althingi election 2017: One more government defeat – and a party system in a continuing flux](https://whogoverns.eu/icelandic-althingi-election-2017-one-more-government-defeat-and-a-party-system-in-a-continuing-flux/) - By Ólafur Th. Hardarson (University of Iceland) An Althingi election in Iceland took place on October 28th 2017 – only a year after the 2016 election. In September, Bright Future decided to leave their government coalition with the conservative Independence Party, and the new right-of-centre Reform Party. Bright Future claimed that a serious breach of
- [Visiting Lecture (Moldova)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-lecture-moldova/) - Lecture at the Moldovan State University (Chisinau) on the "Crisis of Political Parties and Representative Democracy".
- [Persistence paid off – the recent government formation in Kosovo](https://whogoverns.eu/persistence-paid-off-the-recent-government-formation-in-kosovo/) - By Shqipe Mjekiqi (R.I.T Kosovo) The new Government of Kosovo under Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj was constituted on September 9th; nearly three months after parliamentary elections took place on June 11th. Although the Government took less time to form than it did following the elections of 2014, the reasons for the delay were pretty much
- [Book presentation (Uruguay)](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation-uruguay/) - Presentation at the Faculty of Social Sciences during the ALACIP Conference (Montevideo) of "The Essential Work of Peter Mair" with the participation of Dr. Gerardo Scherlis (University of Buenos Aires), Andrés Malamud (University of Lisboa) and Flavia Freidenberg (National Autonomous University of Mexico).
- [Fieldwork in Argentina](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-argentina/) - Research at the Argentinian parliament (Congreso de la Nación) in Buenos Aires.
- [Fieldwork in Uruguay](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-uruguay/) - Research at the Uruguayan parliament (Asamblea General) and the presidential palace in Montevideo.
- [Fieldwork in Kyrgyzstan](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-kyrgyzstan/) - Research at the National library and the Kyrgyz parliament (Dschogorku Kengesch) in Bishkek.
- [International Symposium (South Korea)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-symposium-south-korea/) - Presentation at the "Democracy in East Asia in Regional and Historical Perspective" (Seoul National University). Organized by the Graduate School of International Studies (GSIS) and sponsored by the Journal of Northeast Asian History.
- [Fieldwork in South Korea](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-south-korea/)
- [Voting for change: The 2017 parliamentary elections in Kosovo](https://whogoverns.eu/voting-for-change-the-2017-parliamentary-elections-in-kosovo/) - By Shqipe Mjekiqi (R.I.T Kosovo) Early parliamentary elections were held in Kosovo on 11th June, as the coalition between the Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) and the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) broke out a month ago. Interestingly, this happened even though a parliamentary motion against the Government was raised by the PDK splinter party NISMA,
- [Fieldwork in Mexico](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-mexico/) - Research at the National library and the Mexican parliament (Congreso de la Unión) in Mexico City.
- [Meeting with NGOs (Georgia)](https://whogoverns.eu/meeting-with-ngos-georgia/) - Meeting with the most representative Georgian NGOs (GYLA, TI, etc.) at Transparency International headquarters in Tbilisi to discuss the process of constitutional reform.
- [OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting (Poland)](https://whogoverns.eu/osceodihr-annual-meeting/) - OSCE/ODIHR Annual Meeting of the Core Group of Experts on Political Parties (Warsaw).
- [Postgraduate Seminar Series (Luxembourg)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-workshop-luxembourg/) - Presentation (with Patrick Dumont) on "Party Politics in Micro-states" at the University of Luxembourg
- [International workshop (Luxembourg)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-workshop-luxembourg-2/) - Workshop on "Party Politics in European Micro-States" at the Chamber of Deputies (Luxembourg) with the following participants: Nemanja Batrićević (Central European University, Hungary), Fernando Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham), Franz Clément (Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research), Patrick Dumont (University of Luxembourg), Félicitas Guillot (University of Nice, France), Ólafur Þórður Harðarson (University of Iceland), Direnç Kanol
- [International Workshop (Malta)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-workshop-malta/) - Workshop on "Party Politics in Micro-States" at the University of Malta (Valletta) with the following participants: Marcello Carammia (University of Malta), Fernando Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham), Giorgios Charalambous (University of Cyprus), Roderick Pace (University of Malta), Juli Minoves-Triquell (La Verne University, USA), Wouter Veenendaal (Leiden University, The Netherlands), and Ivan Vukovic (University of Montenegro).
- [International Workshop (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-workshop-uk-2/) - Workshop on “Party Politics and Democracy: A Cross-road between Academics and Practitioners?” at the School of Politics and International Relations (University of Nottingham) with the following participants: Nicole Bolleyer (Exeter University), Fernando Casal Bértoa (University of Nottingham), Susan Dodsworth (Oxford University), Cees van der Eijk (University of Nottingham), Zsolt Enyedi (Central European University), Tim Haughton
- [Fieldwork in Belarus](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-belarus/) - Research at the National library and the Belarusian parliament (Nacyjanalny Schod Respubliki Bielarus) in Minsk.
- [APSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/apsa-conference-usa-2/) - Co-authored paper presented at the 112th APSA Annual Conference in Philadelphia.
- [Fieldwork in Estonia](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-estonia/)
- [Fieldwork in Armenia](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-armenia/) - Research at the library of the Armenian Parliament (Azgayin Zhoghov) in Yerevan.
- [Fieldwork in Georgia](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-georgia/) - Research at the library of the Georgian Parliament (Sakartvelos Parlament'i) in Tbilisi.
- [OSCE/ODIHR Training in Political Party Finance (Ukraine)](https://whogoverns.eu/osceodihr-workshop-for-experts-in-political-party-finance-ukraine/) - Trainer at the Session on the “Funding of Political Parties” (Kiev) Session trainers: Dr. Magnus Ohman, Senior Advisor (IFES), “Party funding transparency – general principles and new technologies” Dr. Fernando Casal Bertoa, Nottingham Research Fellow (University of Nottingham), “Playing the Devil's Advocate: Party Funding Regulation and Corruption”
- [Opinion in "El Correo Gallego"](https://whogoverns.eu/opinion-in-el-correo-gallego/) - A brief reflection on the Brexit in one of Galicia's leading newspapers.
- [Seminar in Belgium](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-belgium/) - Presentation at the Seminar Series of the Department of Political Science at Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) on "Do Presidential Elections Matter? On The Perils of Directly Elected Heads of State for Party System Institutionalization"
- [Seminar in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-spain-2/) - Seminar lecture at the Department of Political Sciences and Public Administration of the University of Valencia on "Types of Regime and Party System Institutionalization"
- [Seminar in Spain](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-spain/) - Seminar lecture at the Faculty of Political Sciences and Public Administration of the University of Santiago de Compostela on "Types of Regime and Party System Institutionalization"
- [Book presentation (Spain)](https://whogoverns.eu/1214-2/) - Presentation at the Faculty of Political Sciences and Public Administration (Santiago de Compostela) of "The Essential Work of Peter Mair" with the participation of Dr. Jose Luis Barreiro Rivas (University of Santiago de Compostela), Tino Santiago (journalist of TVG) and Ana Ponton (Galician MP and leader of the Galician Nationalist Bloc).
- [FES Workshop (Austria)](https://whogoverns.eu/fes-workshop-austria/) - Participation on "Political Parties' Democratisation Potential", a Workshop of Party Experts in Southern and Eastern Europe, sponsored by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Vienna).
- [Fieldwork in Ecuador](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-ecuador/) - Research at the library of the Ecuadorian Parliament (Asamblea Nacional) in Quito.
- [FES Workshop (Bosnia-Herzegovina)](https://whogoverns.eu/fes-workshop-bosnia-herzegovina/) - Participation on "For Whom the Bells Toll? Democratization and Political Parties in South East Europe", a Workshop of Party Experts in Southern and Eastern Europe, sponsored by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Sarajevo).
- [MPSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/mpsa-conference-usa-2/) - Presentation of two papers at the 73rd Midwest Political Studies Association Annual Conference in Chicago.
- [APSA Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/apsa-conference-usa/) - Presentation at the 111th APSA Annual Conference in San Francisco
- [Visiting Scholar (Japan)](https://whogoverns.eu/visiting-scholar-japan/) - Visiting Scholar at Waseda University (Tokyo).
- [Estonia's new coalition government](https://whogoverns.eu/estonias-new-coalition-government/) - By Vello Pettai (University of Tartu) Estonia’s March 1 parliamentary elections were a victory for the incumbent prime minister, Taavi Rõivas, and his center-right (liberal) Reform Party. Capturing 30 out of 101 seats in the Riigikogu, the Reform Party (RP) came out on top, edging out the left-leaning Center Party, which got 27 seats. After
- [The Greek government, EU policy constraints, and the tension between responsiveness and responsibility](https://whogoverns.eu/the-greek-government-eu-policy-constraints-and-the-tension-between-responsiveness-and-responsibility/) - By Kyriaki Nanou (University of Nottingham)
- [International Workshop (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-workshop-uk/) - Workshop on "Party Support and Party Evolution in Advanced and New Democracies" at the University of Exeter.
- [International Conference (USA)](https://whogoverns.eu/international-conference-usa/) - Presentation at the 2nd International Conference on Monarchy at the University of La Verne (Claremont, California)
- [CCPR Workshop (UK)](https://whogoverns.eu/workshop-in-uk/) - Presentation at the (internal) workshop of the Centre for Comparative and Political Research at the University of Nottingham.
- [Fieldwork in Croatia](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-croatia/) - Research at the library of the Croatian Parliament (Hrvatski sabor) in Zagreb.
- [Fieldwork in Poland](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-poland/) - Research at the library of the Polish Parliament (Sejm) in Warsaw.
- [Fieldwork in Albania](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-albania/) - Research at the library of the Albanian Parliament (Kuvendi i Shqipërisë) in Tirana.
- [Fieldwork in Montenegro](https://whogoverns.eu/353/) - Research at the National Library in Cetinje and the library of the Montenegrin Parliament (Skupština Crne Gore) in Podgorica.
- [Fieldwork in Serbia](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-serbia/) - Research at the library of the Serbian Parliament (Narodna Skupština) and the National Library in Belgrade.
- [Seminar in Croatia](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-croatia/) - Seminar lecture at the Faculty of Political Science of the University of Zagreb on "Institutionalization and Consolidation"
- [Seminar in Norway](https://whogoverns.eu/seminar-in-norway/) - Presentation at the Seminar Series of the Department of Comparative Politics of the University of Bergen on "The Relationship between Party (System) Institutionalization and Democratic Consolidation"
- [Fieldwork in Greece](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-greece/) - Research at the library of the Hellenic Parliament (Vouli ton Ellinon) in Athens.
- [Fieldwork in Moldova](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-moldova/) - Research at the National library and the libraries of the State University and the Moldovan parliament (Parlamentul Republicii Moldova) in Chisinau.
- [Fieldwork in Kosovo](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-kosovo/) - Research at the library of the Kosovan parliament (Kuvendi i Kosovës) in Prishtina.
- [EPPFI General Meeting (Bosnia and Herzegovina)](https://whogoverns.eu/eppfi-general-meeting-bosnia-and-herzegovina/) - Lecture at the General Meeting of the European Political Party Foundations and Institutes Network in Sarajevo.
- [Fieldwork in San Marino](https://whogoverns.eu/fieldwork-in-san-marino/) - Research at the State library of the Republic of San Marino.

## Pages

- [Home](https://whogoverns.eu/) - Party and Government Observatory
- [Biography](https://whogoverns.eu/biography/)
- [Publications](https://whogoverns.eu/biography/publications/) - Monographs Fernando Casal Bértoa (under contract) Popular Presidential Elections and Party System Closure: from Louis-Napoléon to Macron. Oxford: Oxford University Press Fernando Casal Bértoa and Don S. Lee (under contract) Presidentialization, Historical Legacies and Party Fragmentation: On the Determinants of Party System Instability in Asian Democracies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Fernando Casal Bértoa and Zsolt
- [Party System Closure](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/party-system-closure/) - Party System Closure Conceptualized as “predictable relations among a stable set of political parties” in the governmental arena, party system closure is measured by looking at three features: alternation, formula, and access (Casal Bértoa and Mair, 2012; Casal Bértoa and Enyedi, 2016). For more details on how to calculate closure, read Casal Bértoa and Enyedi
- [Party Institutionalization](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/party-institutionalization/) - Party Institutionalization Understood as “the process by which parties form consistent patterns of mass mobilization and internal organization”, party institutionalization is calculated using two different indicators: namely, the average party age and the index of electoral party dominance (EPD). While the former looks at the average age of the parties obtaining at least 3 % of
- [Electoral Disproportionality](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/electoral-disproportionality/) - Electoral Disproportionality Defined as “the degree of disproportionality produced between the shares of votes and the shares of seats gained by each competing party”, electoral disproportionality is calculated on the basis of the following formula: in which vi and si respectively represent the proportion of votes and seats of the ith party (see Gallagher, 1991;
- [Polarization](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/polarization/) - Polarization Bearing in mind that “the greater the overall ideological distance between the parties, the more the system is polarized, and vice-versa”, polarization is calculated by taking into consideration the percentage of votes obtained by “anti-political-establishment” parties. The latter are understood as those fulfilling "all of the following criteria: (1) it perceives itself as a
- [Number of New Parties](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/number-of-new-parties/) - Number of New Parties Building on Sikk (2005), new parties are considered to be those that are “not successors to any previous parties, have a novel name and structure”, and are not mergers (or electoral coalitions) of pre-existing political parties. It is important to note here that only new parties with more than 0.5 per
- [Fragmentation](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/effective-number-of-parties/) - Effective Number of Parties Measuring how many parties, weighted according to size, are in a party system in a given election, the effective number of (electoral/parliamentary) parties is calculated employing the following formulae: ENEP=1/Σvi² and ENPP=1/Σsi² (respectively), where vi/si is the proportion of votes/seats of the ith party (see Laakso and Taagepera, 1979; Casal Bértoa,
- [Electoral Volatility](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/electoral-volatility/) - Electoral Volatility Defined as “the net change within the electoral party system resulting from individual vote transfers”, electoral volatility is measured according to the following formula: TEV=Σ|Vi,t-1-Vi,t|/2, in which Vi,t is the vote share for a party ith at a given election (t) and Vi,t-1 is the vote share of the same party ith at the
- [About](https://whogoverns.eu/about/) - The current database contains information about cabinet composition and party system development in 48 European democratic states. European indicates those countries stretching from the Atlantic to the Urals. Democratic refers to those countries displaying (1) a score of 6 or higher in the Polity V index, (2) universal suffrage elections (including universal male suffrage only,
- [Public Party Funding](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/public-party-funding/) - Research underpinning the findings presented in the video: Casal Bértoa, F. and Rama, J. (2022): “Paying for Appeasement: On the Moderating Role of Public Subsidies in East Central European Party Politics”, Party Politics, v. 28, n. 4, pp. 611-624. Casal Bértoa, F. (2023). “Public Funding of Political Parties: What Is It Good For?”, Friedrich Ebert
- [Book presentation](https://whogoverns.eu/book-presentation/) - Join Zoom Meeting: https://ceu-edu.zoom.us/j/91248258139?pwd=YVdOdEhVL0xWRVFFaDJ2N3J3dUplQT09 Meeting ID: 912 4825 8139 Passcode: 598540
- [The Project](https://whogoverns.eu/the-project/) - The Institutionalization of European Party Systems: Explaining Party Competition in 48 Democracies (1848-2020)
- [Party systems](https://whogoverns.eu/party-systems/)
- [Cabinets](https://whogoverns.eu/cabinets/)
- [Search](https://whogoverns.eu/search-page/)

## Categories

- [News](https://whogoverns.eu/category/news/)
- [Papers](https://whogoverns.eu/category/papers/)
- [Blog](https://whogoverns.eu/category/blog/)

## Tags

- [I](https://whogoverns.eu/tag/i/)