By Marina Gorbatiuc (Moldova State University) For the first decade of post-Soviet independence, Moldova’s fledgling democracy faced challenging conditions. Obstacles include ethno-linguistic tensions especially it is speculated in election campaigns. Recent data on the census (April 8th, 2024) prove multilingual society in Moldova: Moldovan- 49.2%; Romanian- 31.3%; Russian- 11.1%; Gagauz- 3.8%; Ukrainian- 2.9%; Bulgarian- 1.2%; [...]

By Simon Otjes (Leiden University) and Léonie de Jonge (University of Tübingen) On October 29, the Netherlands held a snap election after the fall of the cabinet Schoof, an ill-fated experimental government between the mainstream and the radical right, spearheaded by a non-partisan MP. In the weeks leading up to the election, tensions around immigration [...]

By Vlastimil Havlík (Masaryk University and National Institute SYRI) and Jakub Wondreys (Hannah Arendt Institute for Totalitarianism Studies at the TU Dresden and CEVRO University) The Czech general election held last week closed a turbulent four-year period marked by multiple crises. These years tested the surprising winner of the 2021 election - a government formed [...]

By Peter Egge Langsæther (University of Oslo) In the wake of the 2021 elections, the Labour Party, alongside the rural-agrarian Centre Party, formed a minority government, relying on the Socialist Left for parliamentary support. However, this government quickly fell out of favour, with both parties experiencing plummeting poll numbers that plunged Labour to historically low [...]

By José Santana Pereira (Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon) and Guya Accornero (Iscte-University Institute of Lisbon) On 18 May 2025, Portugal held snap legislative elections for the third time in just over three years. The results confirmed the governing centre-right coalition, Aliança Democrática (AD), as the most voted political force, although still far from securing an [...]

By Ines Stasa (University of Tirana) More than three decades since the fall of communism, Albanians continue to believe in the European dream. That vision remains alive, as shown by the re-election of Prime Minister Edi Rama to a fourth term in office since he first assumed power in 2013. In the most recent general [...]

By Filip Milacic (Central European University) 154 days after the election, the Austrian government was formed by the conservative People's Party (ÖVP), the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and the liberal Neos. It was the longest government formation negotiation in the country's history. The three parties put aside their differences, which initially led to [...]

By Sabine Pokorny (Konrad Adenauer Stiftung) The 2025 Bundestag elections call supposed certainties into question. For a long time, the impact of the voters’ social status on voting behaviour declined. Voting behaviour was very volatile and voters changed between political parties of all directions. Candidates were getting more and more important for the voting decision. [...]

By Hanife Osmani (Independent journalist) On February 9, 2025, the Republic of Kosova conducted its parliamentary elections to determine the composition of its 120-member Assembly. These elections were pivotal, reflecting the nation’s evolving political dynamics and its commitment to democratic processes. Electoral results The incumbent party, Vetëvendosje (VV), led by Prime Minister Albin Kurti, secured [...]

By Wilfried Marxer (Liechtenstein Institute) Parliamentary elections were held in Liechtenstein last Sunday, 9 February 2025. The election Sunday ended very differently for the two traditionally dominant parties, which have been in office in a joint governing coalition almost without interruption for decades: the Vaterländische Union (Patriotic Union; VU), as the majority party in government, [...]